چغندر

Persian

Alternative forms

• چقندر (čoqondar, čoqondor), چکندر (čukundar, čukundur), چگندر (čugundar, čugundur), چندر (čundar, čundur)

Etymology

Bailey derives from Proto-Iranian *čak- (“be pointed, horned”) (compare Khotanese [script needed] (cakurīka-, “wood sorrel”), Persian چکش (čakoš, “hammer”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kek-, *kenk-, *keg-, *keng- (“be pointed; hook, peg”), on which see Pokorny.

An improbable origin from Old Armenian ճակնդեղ (čakndeł) has also been suggested.

Cognate with Kurdish çewender, چەوەندەر (çewender), Gurani چۆنڎەری (čōnḓarī), Talysh чәғынде (“beet”); çəğınde, Northern Kurdish çarkindêle (“beet; carrot”) and the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ճակնդեղ (čakndeł, “beet”), Old Georgian ჭაკუნტელი (č̣aḳunṭeli), Chinese 莙薘／莙荙 (jūndá, “chard”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃu.ɣun.ˈduɾ], [t͡ʃu.ɣun.ˈdaɾ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰʊ.ɣʊn̪.d̪ʊ́ɾ], [t͡ʃʰʊ.ɣʊn̪.d̪ǽɾ]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰʊ.ɣʊn̪.d̪ʊ́ɾ], [t͡ʃʰʊ.ɣʊn̪.d̪ǽɾ]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰʊ.ɣʊn̪.d̪ʊ́ɾ], [t͡ʃʰʊ.ɣʊn̪.d̪ǽɾ]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰu.ɣun̪.d̪úɾ], [t͡ʃʰu.ɣun̪.d̪ǽɾ]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰo.ɢon̪.d̪ǽɹ], [t͡ʃʰo.ɢon̪.d̪úːɹ]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰu.ʁun̪.d̪úɾ], [t͡ʃʰu.ʁun̪.d̪ǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading?	čuğundur, čuğundar
Dari reading?	čuğundur, čuğundar
Iranian reading?	čoğondar, čoğondur
Tajik reading?	čuġundur, čuġundar

Noun

چغندر • (classical čuğundar, čuğundur, iranian čoğondar, čoğondur)

1. beet

Descendants

• → Pashto: چغندر (čuğundar)
• → Azerbaijani: çuğundur
• → Gujarati: ચુકનદાર (cukandār)
• → Ottoman Turkish: چوكندر (çükündür, çökündür, çügündür, çükündur, çükundur)
  • Turkish: çükündür, çökündür
  • → Bulgarian: чукунду́р (čukundúr)
  • → Ladino: chukundur
  • → Middle Armenian: չքնտուր (čʻkʻntur)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: (Syrmia, obsolete)

    Cyrillic script: чуку̀ндрук

    Latin script: čukùndruk

• → Bashkir: сөгөлдөр (sögöldör)
• → Chuvash: чĕкĕнтĕр (čĕkĕntĕr)
• → Turkmen: şugundyr
• → Tatar: чөгендер (çögender)
• → Karachay-Balkar: чюгюндюр (çügündür)
• → Hindi: चुक़न्दर (cuqandar), चुकंदर (cukandar)
• → Urdu: چقندر (cuqandar)
• → Lezgi: чугъундур (čuġundur)

Further reading

• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “ճակն”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 176–177
• Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 225, 230
• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “چغندر”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎^[1] (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 75, 76
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 186
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “چغندر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul