ܩܫܝܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܩ ܫ ܐ (q š ˀ)
3 terms

Passive participle of ܩܵܫܹܐ (qāšē, “to harden”), inherited from Aramaic קַשְׁיָא (qaššyā); cognate with Hebrew קָשֶׁה and Arabic قَسِيّ (qasiyy).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qɪʃjaː]

Adjective

ܩܸܫܝܵܐ • (qišyā) (feminine ܩܫܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ (qšīṯā), plural ܩܸܫܝܹ̈ܐ (qišyē))

1. hard, difficult

   Synonyms: ܥܲܣܩܵܐ (ˁasqā), ܡܪܘܼܟܒ݂ܵܐ (mrukḇā)

   Antonyms: ܦܫܝܼܩܵܐ (pšīqā), ܦܫܝܼܛܵܐ (pšīṭā)

2. serious, heavy, severe

   Synonyms: ܚܲܣܝܼܢܵܐ (ḥasīnā), ܝܲܩܘܼܪܵܐ (yaqūrā)

   Synonym: ܩܲܠܘܼܠܵܐ (qalūlā)

3. hard, stiff; solid, firm

   Antonym: ܪܲܟܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ (rakīḵā)

Derived terms

• ܩܸܫܝܵܐܝܼܬ݂ (qišyāˀīṯ)
• ܩܸܫܝܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (qišyūṯā)
• ܚܸܦܪܵܐ ܩܸܫܝܵܐ (ḥiprā qišyā)
• ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܩܸܫܝܵܐ (zlāmā qišyā)

Etymology 2

Verbal noun of ܩܵܫܹܐ (qāšē).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [qʃaːjaː]

Noun

ܩܫܵܝܵܐ • (qšāyā)

1. hardening
2. solidifying

Inflection

Inflection of ܩܫܵܝܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	ܩܫܵܝ (qšāy)		1st person	ܩܫܵܝܝܼ (qšāyī)		ܩܫܵܝܲܢ (qšāyan)
	construct	ܩܫܵܝ (qšāy)		2nd person	ܩܫܵܝܘܼܟ݂ (qšāyōḵ)	ܩܫܵܝܵܟ݂ܝ (qšāyāḵ)	ܩܫܵܝܲܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qšāyawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܩܫܵܝܵܐ (qšāyā)		3rd person	ܩܫܵܝܹܗ (qšāyēh)	ܩܫܵܝܵܗ̇ (qšāyāh)	ܩܫܵܝܗܘܿܢ (qšāyhōn)
plural	absolute	ܩܫܵܝܝܼ̈ܢ (qšāyīn)		1st person	ܩܫܵܝܝܼ̈ (qšāyī)		ܩܫܵܝܲܢ̈ (qšāyan)
	construct	ܩܫܵܝܲܝ̈ (qšāyay)		2nd person	ܩܫܵܝܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (qšāyōḵ)	ܩܫܵܝܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (qšāyāḵ)	ܩܫܵܝܲܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (qšāyawḵōn)
	emphatic	ܩܫܵܝܹ̈ܐ (qšāyē)		3rd person	ܩܫܵܝܘܼ̈ܗܝ (qšāyūh)	ܩܫܵܝܘܼ̈ܗ̇ (qšāyōh)	ܩܫܵܝܲܝ̈ܗܘܿܢ (qšāyayhōn)