अक

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit अक (áka).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ək/, [ɐk]

Noun

अक • (ak) m

1. (rare, formal) a sin

   Synonyms: पाप (pāp), पातक (pātak)

Declension

Declension of अक (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	अक ak	अक ak
oblique	अक ak	अकों akõ
vocative	अक ak	अको ako

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “अक”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• অক (Assamese script)
• ᬅᬓ (Balinese script)
• অক (Bengali script)
• 𑰀𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀅𑀓 (Brahmi script)
• အက (Burmese script)
• અક (Gujarati script)
• ਅਕ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌅𑌕 (Grantha script)
• ꦄꦏ (Javanese script)
• 𑂃𑂍 (Kaithi script)
• ಅಕ (Kannada script)
• អក (Khmer script)
• ອກ (Lao script)
• അക (Malayalam script)
• ᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘀𑘎 (Modi script)
• ᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦠𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐀𑐎 (Newa script)
• ଅକ (Odia script)
• ꢂꢒ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆃𑆑 (Sharada script)
• 𑖀𑖎 (Siddham script)
• අක (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩜 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚀𑚊 (Takri script)
• அக (Tamil script)
• అక (Telugu script)
• อก (Thai script)
• ཨ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒁𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

the BMAC substratebor.?

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ákas

Proto-Indo-Aryan *ákas

Sanskrit अक

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ákas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ákas (“bad”), possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɐ́.kɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɐ.kɐ/

Noun

अक॑ • (áka) stem, n

1. pain, unhappiness
2. sin

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of अक॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	अक॑म् (ákam)	अके॑ (áke)	अका॑नि (ákāni) अका॑¹ (ákā¹)
accusative	अक॑म् (ákam)	अके॑ (áke)	अका॑नि (ákāni) अका॑¹ (ákā¹)
instrumental	अके॑न (ákena)	अका॑भ्याम् (ákābhyām)	अकैः॑ (ákaiḥ) अके॑भिः¹ (ákebhiḥ¹)
dative	अका॑य (ákāya)	अका॑भ्याम् (ákābhyām)	अके॑भ्यः (ákebhyaḥ)
ablative	अका॑त् (ákāt)	अका॑भ्याम् (ákābhyām)	अके॑भ्यः (ákebhyaḥ)
genitive	अक॑स्य (ákasya)	अक॑योः (ákayoḥ)	अका॑नाम् (ákānām)
locative	अके॑ (áke)	अक॑योः (ákayoḥ)	अके॑षु (ákeṣu)
vocative	अक॑ (áka)	अके॑ (áke)	अका॑नि (ákāni) अका॑¹ (ákā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “अक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1, column 3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 39