इच्छति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ইচ্ছতি (Assamese script)
• ᬇᬘ᭄ᬙᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• ইচ্ছতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰂𑰓𑰿𑰔𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀇𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဣစ္ဆတိ (Burmese script)
• ઇચ્છતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਇਚ੍ਛਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌇𑌚𑍍𑌛𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦆꦕ꧀ꦖꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂅𑂒𑂹𑂓𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಇಚ್ಛತಿ (Kannada script)
• ឥច្ឆតិ (Khmer script)
• ອິຈ຺ຉຕິ (Lao script)
• ഇച്ഛതി (Malayalam script)
• ᡳᢜᡮᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘂𑘓𑘿𑘔𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠢᢋᠼᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦢𑦳𑧠𑦴𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐂𑐔𑑂𑐕𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଇଚ୍ଛତି (Odia script)
• ꢄꢗ꣄ꢘꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆅𑆖𑇀𑆗𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖂𑖓𑖿𑖔𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ඉච‍්ඡති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩑𑩡 𑪙𑩢𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚂𑚏𑚶𑚐𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• இச்ச²தி (Tamil script)
• ఇచ్ఛతి (Telugu script)
• อิจฺฉติ (Thai script)
• ཨི་ཙྪ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒃𑒔𑓂𑒕𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨁𑨣𑩇𑨤𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂eys-

Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti

Proto-Indo-European *h₂isḱéti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hišćáti

Sanskrit इ॒च्छति॑

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hišćáti (“to wish”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂i-sḱé-ti, from *h₂eys- (“to wish, desire, want”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬌𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (isaⁱti), Proto-Slavic *jьskati (whence Russian искать (iskatʹ), Bulgarian и́скам (ískam), Old Church Slavonic искати (iskati)), Lithuanian ieškoti, Old Armenian հայց (haycʻ).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /it.t͡ɕʰɐ́.ti/, [it̚.t͡ɕʰɐ́.ti]
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /it̪.t͡ɕʰɐ.t̪i/, [it̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ.t̪i]

Verb

इ॒च्छति॑ • (iccháti) third-singular indicative (class 6, type P, present, root इष्)

1. to desire, wish, long for
2. to search, seek
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.1:

     किम्इच्छन्ती॑ स॒रमा॒ प्रेदमा॑नड्दू॒रे ह्यध्वा॒ जगु॑रिः परा॒चैः ।
     कास्मेहि॑तिः॒ का परि॑तक्म्यासीत्क॒थं र॒साया॑ अतरः॒ पयां॑सि ॥

     kímícchántī sarámā prédámānaḍdūré hyádhvā jáguriḥ parācáiḥ.
     kā́sméhitiḥ kā́ páritakmyāsītkatháṃ rasā́yā ataraḥ páyāṃsi.

     Seeking what has Saramā arrived here, for far is the road, swallowing up the traveler in the distance?
     What is your mission to us? What was the final turn bringing you here? How did you cross the waters of the Rasā?.

Conjugation

Present: इ॒च्छति॑ (iccháti), इ॒च्छते॑ (iccháte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	इ॒च्छति॑ iccháti	इ॒च्छतः॑ icchátaḥ	इ॒च्छन्ति॑ icchánti	इ॒च्छते॑ iccháte	इ॒च्छेते॑ icchéte	इ॒च्छन्ते॑ icchánte
Second	इ॒च्छसि॑ icchási	इ॒च्छथः॑ iccháthaḥ	इ॒च्छथ॑ icchátha	इ॒च्छसे॑ iccháse	इ॒च्छेथे॑ icchéthe	इ॒च्छध्वे॑ icchádhve
First	इ॒च्छामि॑ icchā́mi	इ॒च्छावः॑ icchā́vaḥ	इ॒च्छामः॑ / इ॒च्छाम॑सि¹ icchā́maḥ / icchā́masi¹	इ॒च्छे icché	इ॒च्छाव॑हे icchā́vahe	इ॒च्छाम॑हे icchā́mahe
Imperative
Third	इ॒च्छतु॑ icchátu	इ॒च्छता॑म् icchátām	इ॒च्छन्तु॑ icchántu	इ॒च्छता॑म् icchátām	इ॒च्छेता॑म् icchétām	इ॒च्छन्ता॑म् icchántām
Second	इ॒च्छ icchá	इ॒च्छत॑म् icchátam	इ॒च्छत॑ iccháta	इ॒च्छस्व॑ icchásva	इ॒च्छेथा॑म् icchéthām	इ॒च्छध्व॑म् icchádhvam
First	इ॒च्छानि॑ icchā́ni	इ॒च्छाव॑ icchā́va	इ॒च्छाम॑ icchā́ma	इ॒च्छै icchái	इ॒च्छाव॑है icchā́vahai	इ॒च्छाम॑है icchā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	इ॒च्छेत् icchét	इ॒च्छेता॑म् icchétām	इ॒च्छेयुः॑ icchéyuḥ	इ॒च्छेत॑ icchéta	इ॒च्छेया॑ताम् icchéyātām	इ॒च्छेर॑न् icchéran
Second	इ॒च्छेः icchéḥ	इ॒च्छेत॑म् icchétam	इ॒च्छेत॑ icchéta	इ॒च्छेथाः॑ icchéthāḥ	इ॒च्छेया॑थाम् icchéyāthām	इ॒च्छेध्व॑म् icchédhvam
First	इ॒च्छेय॑म् icchéyam	इ॒च्छेव॑ icchéva	इ॒च्छेम॑ icchéma	इ॒च्छेय॑ icchéya	इ॒च्छेव॑हि icchévahi	इ॒च्छेम॑हि icchémahi
Subjunctive
Third	इ॒च्छात् / इ॒च्छाति॑ icchā́t / icchā́ti	इ॒च्छातः॑ icchā́taḥ	इ॒च्छान् icchā́n	इ॒च्छाते॑ / इ॒च्छातै॑ icchā́te / icchā́tai	इ॒च्छैते॑ iccháite	इ॒च्छन्त॑ / इ॒च्छान्तै॑ icchánta / icchā́ntai
Second	इ॒च्छाः / इ॒च्छासि॑ icchā́ḥ / icchā́si	इ॒च्छाथः॑ icchā́thaḥ	इ॒च्छाथ॑ icchā́tha	इ॒च्छासे॑ / इ॒च्छासै॑ icchā́se / icchā́sai	इ॒च्छैथे॑ iccháithe	इ॒च्छाध्वै॑ icchā́dhvai
First	इ॒च्छानि॑ icchā́ni	इ॒च्छाव॑ icchā́va	इ॒च्छाम॑ icchā́ma	इ॒च्छै icchái	इ॒च्छाव॑है icchā́vahai	इ॒च्छाम॑है icchā́mahai
Participles
	इ॒च्छत् icchát			इ॒च्छमा॑न icchámāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: ऐच्छ॑त् (áicchat), ऐच्छ॑त (áicchata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ऐच्छ॑त् áicchat	ऐच्छ॑ताम् áicchatām	ऐच्छ॑न् áicchan	ऐच्छ॑त áicchata	ऐच्छे॑ताम् áicchetām	ऐच्छ॑न्त áicchanta
Second	ऐच्छः॑ áicchaḥ	ऐच्छ॑तम् áicchatam	ऐच्छ॑त áicchata	ऐच्छ॑थाः áicchathāḥ	ऐच्छे॑थाम् áicchethām	ऐच्छ॑ध्वम् áicchadhvam
First	ऐच्छ॑म् áiccham	ऐच्छा॑व áicchāva	ऐच्छा॑म áicchāma	ऐच्छे॑ áicche	ऐच्छा॑वहि áicchāvahi	ऐच्छा॑महि áicchāmahi

Descendants

• Pali: इच्छति (icchati)
• Prakrit: इच्छइ (icchaï, “wants”) (collides with descendant of ईप्सति (īpsati, “desires to obtain”) in the sense "desires to obtain", from the root आप् (āp, “to obtain”)) (see there for further descendants)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “इच्छति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 169/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “iccháti”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press