उषस्

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• উষস্ (Assamese script)
• ᬉᬱᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
• উষস্ (Bengali script)
• 𑰄𑰬𑰭𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀉𑀱𑀲𑁆 (Brahmi script)
• ဥၑသ် (Burmese script)
• ઉષસ્ (Gujarati script)
• ਉਸ਼ਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌉𑌷𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
• ꦈꦰꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
• 𑂇𑂭𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
• ಉಷಸ್ (Kannada script)
• ឧឞស៑ (Khmer script)
• ອຸຩສ຺ (Lao script)
• ഉഷസ് (Malayalam script)
• ᡠᢢᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
• 𑘄𑘬𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
• ᠤᢔᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦤𑧌𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐄𑐲𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
• ଉଷସ୍ (Odia script)
• ꢆꢰꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆇𑆰𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
• 𑖄𑖬𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
• උෂස් (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩒𑪀𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚄𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
• உஷஸ் (Tamil script)
• ఉషస్ (Telugu script)
• อุษสฺ (Thai script)
• ཨུ་ཥ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒅𑒭𑒮𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨀𑨃𑨯𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /u.ʂɐ́s/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈu.ʂɐs̪/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušā́s (“dawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬀𐬵 (ušah), Latin Aurora/aurora, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs)/ἠώς (ēṓs) and possibly Old English Ēostre (whence English Easter).

Noun

उषस् • (uṣás) stem, f

1. morning light, dawn, morning (personified as the daughter of heaven and sister of the Ādityas and the night)
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.6.3:

     के॒तुं कृ॒ण्वन्न॑के॒तवे॒ पेशो॑ मर्या अपे॒शसे॑।
     सम्उषद्भि॑र्अजायथाः॥

     ketúṃ kṛṇvánnaketáve péśo maryā apeśáse.
     sámúṣádbhirajāyathāḥ.

     Mortals, you owe your daily awakening, to such an Indra, who with the rays of the morning gives sense to the senseless, and form to the formless.

2. the evening light
3. (in the dual) day and night
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.4.6:

     आ भन्द॑माने उ॒षसा॒ उपा॑के उ॒त स्म॑येते त॒न्वा॒३॒॑ विरू॑पे।
     यथा॑ नो मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो॒ जुजो॑ष॒दिन्द्रो॑ म॒रुत्वाँ॑ उ॒त वा॒ महो॑भिः॥

     ā́ bhándamāne uṣásā úpāke utá smayete tanvā̀ vírūpe.
     yáthā no mitró váruṇo jújoṣadíndro marútvām̐ utá vā máhobhiḥ.

     May the adored Day and Night, combined or separate, be manifest in bodily form, so that Mitra, Varuṇa and Indra attended by the Maruts, may rejoice us by their glories.

Declension

Feminine as-stem declension of उषस् (uṣás)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	उषाः uṣā́ḥ	उषासौ / उषसा / उषासा uṣā́sau / uṣásā / uṣā́sā	उषासः / उषसः uṣā́saḥ / uṣásaḥ
Vocative	उषः úṣaḥ	उषासौ / उषसा / उषासा úṣāsau / úṣasā / úṣāsā	उषासः / उषसः úṣāsaḥ / úṣasaḥ
Accusative	उषसम् / उषासम् / उषाम् uṣásam / uṣā́sam / uṣā́m	उषासौ / उषसा / उषासा uṣā́sau / uṣásā / uṣā́sā	उषसः uṣásaḥ
Instrumental	उषसा uṣásā	उषद्भ्याम् / उषोभ्याम् uṣádbhyām / uṣóbhyām	उषद्भिः / उषोभिः uṣádbhiḥ / uṣóbhiḥ
Dative	उषसे uṣáse	उषद्भ्याम् / उषोभ्याम् uṣádbhyām / uṣóbhyām	उषद्भिः / उषोभिः uṣádbhiḥ / uṣóbhiḥ
Ablative	उषसः uṣásaḥ	उषद्भ्याम् / उषोभ्याम् uṣádbhyām / uṣóbhyām	उषद्भिः / उषोभिः uṣádbhiḥ / uṣóbhiḥ
Genitive	उषसः uṣásaḥ	उषसोः uṣásoḥ	उषसाम् uṣásām
Locative	उषसि uṣási	उषसोः uṣásoḥ	उषःसु uṣáḥsu

Related terms

• उष् (uṣ)

Proper noun

उषस् • (uṣás) stem, f

1. (Vedic religion, Hinduism) Ushas, personification of dawn, one of the children of Aditi and sister of Ratri
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.48.5:

     आ घा॒ योषे॑व सू॒नरी॑उषा या॑ति प्रभुञ्ज॒ती।
     ज॒रय॑न्ती॒ वृज॑नं प॒द्वदी॑यत॒ उत्पा॑तयति प॒क्षिण॑:॥

     ā́ ghā yóṣeva sūnárīuṣā yāti prabhuñjatī́.
     jaráyantī vṛ́janaṃ padvádīyata útpātayati pakṣíṇa:.

     Like a good matron Uṣas comes carefully tending everything:
     Rousing all life she stirs all creatures that have feet, and makes the birds of air fly up.

2. name of a wife of Bhava or Rudra

Declension

Feminine as-stem declension of उषस् (uṣás)
	Singular
Nominative	उषाः uṣā́ḥ
Vocative	उषः úṣaḥ
Accusative	उषसम् / उषासम् / उषाम् uṣásam / uṣā́sam / uṣā́m
Instrumental	उषसा uṣásā
Dative	उषसे uṣáse
Ablative	उषसः uṣásaḥ
Genitive	उषसः uṣásaḥ
Locative	उषसि uṣási

Noun

उषस् • (uṣas) stem, n

1. daybreak, dawn, twilight

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of उषस् (uṣas)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	उषः uṣaḥ	उषसी uṣasī	उषांसि uṣāṃsi
Vocative	उषः uṣaḥ	उषसी uṣasī	उषांसि uṣāṃsi
Accusative	उषः uṣaḥ	उषसी uṣasī	उषांसि uṣāṃsi
Instrumental	उषसा uṣasā	उषोभ्याम् uṣobhyām	उषोभिः uṣobhiḥ
Dative	उषसे uṣase	उषोभ्याम् uṣobhyām	उषोभ्यः uṣobhyaḥ
Ablative	उषसः uṣasaḥ	उषोभ्याम् uṣobhyām	उषोभ्यः uṣobhyaḥ
Genitive	उषसः uṣasaḥ	उषसोः uṣasoḥ	उषसाम् uṣasām
Locative	उषसि uṣasi	उषसोः uṣasoḥ	उषःसु uṣaḥsu

Etymology 2

Noun

उषस् • (uṣas) stem, n

1. the outer passage of the ear

Declension

Neuter as-stem declension of उषस् (uṣas)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	उषः uṣaḥ	उषसी uṣasī	उषांसि uṣāṃsi
Vocative	उषः uṣaḥ	उषसी uṣasī	उषांसि uṣāṃsi
Accusative	उषः uṣaḥ	उषसी uṣasī	उषांसि uṣāṃsi
Instrumental	उषसा uṣasā	उषोभ्याम् uṣobhyām	उषोभिः uṣobhiḥ
Dative	उषसे uṣase	उषोभ्याम् uṣobhyām	उषोभ्यः uṣobhyaḥ
Ablative	उषसः uṣasaḥ	उषोभ्याम् uṣobhyām	उषोभ्यः uṣobhyaḥ
Genitive	उषसः uṣasaḥ	उषसोः uṣasoḥ	उषसाम् uṣasām
Locative	उषसि uṣasi	उषसोः uṣasoḥ	उषःसु uṣaḥsu

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “उषस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 220, column 1.
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “uṣas”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 236