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उषस्

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hušā́s (“dawn”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwsōs (“dawn”), which was also personified as a goddess of dawn in Proto-Indo-European religion. Cognate with Avestan 𐬎𐬱𐬀𐬵 (ušah), Latin Aurora/aurora, Ancient Greek Ἠώς (Ēṓs)/ἠώς (ēṓs) and possibly Old English Ēostre (whence English Easter).

Noun

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उ॒षस् • (uṣás) stem, f

  1. morning light, dawn, morning (personified as the daughter of heaven and sister of the Ādityas and the night)
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.6.3:
      के॒तुं कृ॒ण्वन्न॑के॒तवे॒ पेशो॑ मर्या अपे॒शसे॑ ।
      सम्उषद्भि॑र्अजायथाः ॥
      ketúṃ kṛṇvánnaketáve péśo maryā apeśáse.
      sámúṣádbhirajāyathāḥ.
      Mortals, you owe your daily awakening, to such an Indra, who with the rays of the morning gives sense to the senseless, and form to the formless.
  2. the evening light
  3. (in the dual) night and morning light, evening light and morning light
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 3.4.6:
      आ भन्द॑माने उ॒षसा॒ उपा॑के उ॒त स्म॑येते त॒न्वा॒३॒॑ विरू॑पे ।
      यथा॑ नो मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो॒ जुजो॑ष॒दिन्द्रो॑ म॒रुत्वाँ॑ उ॒त वा॒ महो॑भिः ॥
      ā́ bhándamāne uṣásā úpāke utá smayete tanvā̀ vírūpe.
      yáthā no mitró váruṇo jújoṣadíndro marútvām̐ utá vā máhobhiḥ.
      May the adored Dawn and Night, combined or separate, be manifest in bodily form, so that Mitra, Varuṇa and Indra attended by the Maruts, may rejoice us by their glories.
Declension
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Feminine as-stem declension of उ॒षस्
singular dual plural
nominative उ॒षाः (uṣā́ḥ) उ॒षासौ॑ (uṣā́sau)
उ॒षसा॑ (uṣásā)
उ॒षासा॑ (uṣā́sā) 		उ॒षासः॑ (uṣā́saḥ)
उ॒षसः॑ (uṣásaḥ)
accusative उ॒षस॑म् (uṣásam)
उ॒षास॑म् (uṣā́sam)
उ॒षाम् (uṣā́m) 		उ॒षासौ॑ (uṣā́sau)
उ॒षसा॑ (uṣásā)
उ॒षासा॑ (uṣā́sā) 		उ॒षसः॑ (uṣásaḥ)
उ॒षः (uṣáḥ)
instrumental उ॒षसा॑ (uṣásā) उ॒षद्भ्या॑म् (uṣádbhyām)
उ॒षोभ्या॑म् (uṣóbhyām) 		उ॒षद्भिः॑ (uṣádbhiḥ)
उ॒षोभिः॑ (uṣóbhiḥ)
dative उ॒षसे॑ (uṣáse) उ॒षद्भ्या॑म् (uṣádbhyām)
उ॒षोभ्या॑म् (uṣóbhyām) 		उ॒षद्भिः॑ (uṣádbhiḥ)
उ॒षोभिः॑ (uṣóbhiḥ)
ablative उ॒षसः॑ (uṣásaḥ)
उ॒षः (uṣáḥ) 		उ॒षद्भ्या॑म् (uṣádbhyām)
उ॒षोभ्या॑म् (uṣóbhyām) 		उ॒षद्भिः॑ (uṣádbhiḥ)
उ॒षोभिः॑ (uṣóbhiḥ)
genitive उ॒षसः॑ (uṣásaḥ)
उ॒षः (uṣáḥ) 		उ॒षसोः॑ (uṣásoḥ) उ॒षसा॑म् (uṣásām)
locative उ॒षसि॑ (uṣási) उ॒षसोः॑ (uṣásoḥ) उ॒षःसु॑ (uṣáḥsu)
vocative उषः॑ (úṣaḥ) उषा॑सौ (úṣāsau)
उष॑सा (úṣasā)
उषा॑सा (úṣāsā) 		उषा॑सः (úṣāsaḥ)
उष॑सः (úṣasaḥ)
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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उ॒षस् • (uṣás) stem, f

  1. (Vedic religion, Hinduism) Ushas, personification of dawn, one of the children of Aditi and sister of Ratri
    • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.48.5:
      आ घा॒ योषे॑व सू॒नरी॑उषा या॑ति प्रभुञ्ज॒ती ।
      ज॒रय॑न्ती॒ वृज॑नं प॒द्वदी॑यत॒ उत्पा॑तयति प॒क्षिणः॑ ॥
      ā́ ghā yóṣeva sūnárīuṣā yāti prabhuñjatī́.
      jaráyantī vṛ́janaṃ padvádīyata útpātayati pakṣíṇaḥ.
      Like a good matron Uṣas comes carefully tending everything:
      Rousing all life she stirs all creatures that have feet, and makes the birds of air fly up.
  2. name of a wife of Bhava or Rudra
Declension
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Feminine as-stem declension of उ॒षस्
singular
nominative उ॒षाः (uṣā́ḥ)
accusative उ॒षस॑म् (uṣásam)
उ॒षास॑म् (uṣā́sam)
उ॒षाम् (uṣā́m)
instrumental उ॒षसा॑ (uṣásā)
dative उ॒षसे॑ (uṣáse)
ablative उ॒षसः॑ (uṣásaḥ)
उ॒षः (uṣáḥ)
genitive उ॒षसः॑ (uṣásaḥ)
उ॒षः (uṣáḥ)
locative उ॒षसि॑ (uṣási)
vocative उषः॑ (úṣaḥ)

Noun

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उषस् • (uṣas) stem, n

  1. daybreak, dawn, twilight
Declension
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Neuter as-stem declension of उषस्
singular dual plural
nominative उषः (uṣaḥ) उषसी (uṣasī) उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
accusative उषः (uṣaḥ) उषसी (uṣasī) उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
instrumental उषसा (uṣasā) उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām) उषोभिः (uṣobhiḥ)
dative उषसे (uṣase) उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām) उषोभ्यः (uṣobhyaḥ)
ablative उषसः (uṣasaḥ) उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām) उषोभ्यः (uṣobhyaḥ)
genitive उषसः (uṣasaḥ) उषसोः (uṣasoḥ) उषसाम् (uṣasām)
locative उषसि (uṣasi) उषसोः (uṣasoḥ) उषःसु (uṣaḥsu)
vocative उषः (uṣaḥ) उषसी (uṣasī) उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)

Etymology 2

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Not attested in etymological dictionaries. Seems to be ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”).”

Noun

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उषस् • (uṣas) stem, n

  1. the outer passage of the ear (L.)
Declension
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Neuter as-stem declension of उषस्
singular dual plural
nominative उषः (uṣaḥ) उषसी (uṣasī) उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
accusative उषः (uṣaḥ) उषसी (uṣasī) उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)
instrumental उषसा (uṣasā) उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām) उषोभिः (uṣobhiḥ)
dative उषसे (uṣase) उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām) उषोभ्यः (uṣobhyaḥ)
ablative उषसः (uṣasaḥ) उषोभ्याम् (uṣobhyām) उषोभ्यः (uṣobhyaḥ)
genitive उषसः (uṣasaḥ) उषसोः (uṣasoḥ) उषसाम् (uṣasām)
locative उषसि (uṣasi) उषसोः (uṣasoḥ) उषःसु (uṣaḥsu)
vocative उषः (uṣaḥ) उषसी (uṣasī) उषांसि (uṣāṃsi)

References

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  • Monier Williams (1899), “उषस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 220, column 1.
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “uṣas”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “uṣás-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 236
  • Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “uṣás-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 532-3
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