गंगा

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡəŋ.ɡɑː/, [ɡɐ̃ŋ.ɡäː]

Proper noun

गंगा • (gaṅgā) f (Urdu spelling گنگا)

1. Ganges, Ganga (a major river in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, India; a major river in Rajshahi, Dhaka, Chittagong and Barisal Divisions, Bangladesh)

Declension

Declension of गंगा (sg-only fem ā-stem)

	singular
direct	गंगा gaṅgā
oblique	गंगा gaṅgā
vocative	गंगा gaṅgā

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘐𑘽𑘐𑘰 (gaṅgā), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀕𑀁𑀕𑀸 (gaṅgā), from Sanskrit गङ्गा (gaṅgā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡəŋ.ɡa/

Proper noun

गंगा • (gaṅgā) f

1. Ganges, Ganga (a major river in the states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, India; a major river in Rajshahi, Dhaka, Chittagong and Barisal Divisions, Bangladesh)

   Synonym: भागीरथी (bhāgīrthī)

2. (Hinduism) Ganga, a personification of the aforementioned river, worshiped as the goddess of purification and forgiveness
3. a female given name from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of गंगा (fem ā-stem)
direct singular	गंगा gaṅgā
direct plural	गंगा gaṅgā
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	गंगा gaṅgā		गंगा gaṅgā
oblique सामान्यरूप	गंगे gaṅge		गंगां- gaṅgān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	गंगेला gaṅgelā		गंगांना gaṅgānnā
ergative	गंगेने, गंगेनं gaṅgene, gaṅgena		गंगांनी gaṅgānnī
instrumental	गंगेशी gaṅgeśī		गंगांशी gaṅgānśī
locative सप्तमी	गंगेत gaṅget		गंगांत gaṅgāt
vocative संबोधन	गंगे gaṅge		गंगांनो gaṅgānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of गंगा (fem ā-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	गंगेचा gaṅgeċā	गंगेचे gaṅgeċe	गंगेची gaṅgecī	गंगेच्या gaṅgecā	गंगेचे, गंगेचं gaṅgeċe, gaṅgeċa	गंगेची gaṅgecī	गंगेच्या gaṅgecā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	गंगांचा gaṅgānċā	गंगांचे gaṅgānċe	गंगांची gaṅgāñcī	गंगांच्या gaṅgāncā	गंगांचे, गंगांचं gaṅgānċe, gaṅgānċa	गंगांची gaṅgāñcī	गंगांच्या gaṅgāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• गंगाजमनी (gaṅgājamnī)
• गंगाजल (gaṅgājal)
• गंगाभागीरथी (gaṅgābhāgīrthī)
• गंगावती (gaṅgāvtī)
• गंगास्नान (gaṅgāsnān)
• गंगोत्री (gaṅgotrī)

References

• दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950), “गंगा”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ)
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857), “गंगा”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “गंगा”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Sanskrit

Proper noun

गंगा • (gaṃgā) f

1. alternative spelling of गङ्गा (gaṅgā, “Ganges”)

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of गंगा॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गंगा॑ (gáṃgā)	गंगे॑ (gáṃge)	गंगाः॑ (gáṃgāḥ)
accusative	गंगा॑म् (gáṃgām)	गंगे॑ (gáṃge)	गंगाः॑ (gáṃgāḥ)
instrumental	गंग॑या (gáṃgayā) गंगा॑¹ (gáṃgā¹)	गंगा॑भ्याम् (gáṃgābhyām)	गंगा॑भिः (gáṃgābhiḥ)
dative	गंगा॑यै (gáṃgāyai)	गंगा॑भ्याम् (gáṃgābhyām)	गंगा॑भ्यः (gáṃgābhyaḥ)
ablative	गंगा॑याः (gáṃgāyāḥ) गंगा॑यै² (gáṃgāyai²)	गंगा॑भ्याम् (gáṃgābhyām)	गंगा॑भ्यः (gáṃgābhyaḥ)
genitive	गंगा॑याः (gáṃgāyāḥ) गंगा॑यै² (gáṃgāyai²)	गंग॑योः (gáṃgayoḥ)	गंगा॑नाम् (gáṃgānām)
locative	गंगा॑याम् (gáṃgāyām)	गंग॑योः (gáṃgayoḥ)	गंगा॑सु (gáṃgāsu)
vocative	गंगे॑ (gáṃge)	गंगे॑ (gáṃge)	गंगाः॑ (gáṃgāḥ)

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