गन्ध

See also: गन्धि

Hindi

Noun

गन्ध • (gandh) f

1. Alternative spelling of गंध (gandh)

Declension

Declension of गन्ध (fem cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गन्ध gandh	गन्धें gandhẽ
oblique	गन्ध gandh	गन्धों gandhõ
vocative	गन्ध gandh	गन्धो gandho

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• gandha (Latin script)
• 𑀕𑀦𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
• গন্ধ (Bengali script)
• ගන්‍ධ (Sinhalese script)
• ဂန္ဓ or ၷၼ္ꩪ or ၷၼ်ꩪ (Burmese script)
• คนฺธ or คันธะ (Thai script)
• ᨣᨶ᩠ᨵ (Tai Tham script)
• ຄນ຺ຘ or ຄັນຘະ (Lao script)
• គន្ធ (Khmer script)
• 𑄉𑄚𑄴𑄙 (Chakma script)

Noun

गन्ध m

1. Devanagari script form of gandha (“smell”)

Declension

Declension table of "गन्ध" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	गन्धो (gandho)	गन्धा (gandhā)
Accusative (second)	गन्धं (gandhaṃ)	गन्धे (gandhe)
Instrumental (third)	गन्धेन (gandhena)	गन्धेहि (gandhehi) or गन्धेभि (gandhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	गन्धस्स (gandhassa) or गन्धाय (gandhāya) or गन्धत्थं (gandhatthaṃ)	गन्धानं (gandhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	गन्धस्मा (gandhasmā) or गन्धम्हा (gandhamhā) or गन्धा (gandhā)	गन्धेहि (gandhehi) or गन्धेभि (gandhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	गन्धस्स (gandhassa)	गन्धानं (gandhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	गन्धस्मिं (gandhasmiṃ) or गन्धम्हि (gandhamhi) or गन्धे (gandhe)	गन्धेसु (gandhesu)
Vocative (calling)	गन्ध (gandha)	गन्धा (gandhā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গন্ধ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬦ᭄ᬥ (Balinese script)
• গন্ধ (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰡𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀦𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
• ဂန္ဓ (Burmese script)
• ગન્ધ (Gujarati script)
• ਗਨ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑌨𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦤ꧀ꦣ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑂢𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
• ಗನ್ಧ (Kannada script)
• គន្ធ (Khmer script)
• ຄນ຺ຘ (Lao script)
• ഗന്ധ (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᠠᠨᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘡𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠠᠨᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧁𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐣𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
• ଗନ୍ଧ (Odia script)
• ꢔꢥ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆤𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖡𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
• ගන්‍ධ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩯 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚝𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
• க³ந்த⁴ (Tamil script)
• గన్ధ (Telugu script)
• คนฺธ (Thai script)
• ག་ནྡྷ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒢𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨝𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ- (“to smell”); further etymology unknown, and likely a borrowing, perhaps from the BMAC substrate. Alternative theories consider a relation to गध्य (gadhya, “to be seized or gained as booty”), citing a semantic parallel with सुरभि (surabhi, “sweet-smelling, fragrant”, literally “seizing pleasantly”) and its root रभ् (rabh, “to grasp”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (gaⁱṇti, “stench”), 𐬛𐬎𐬲𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dužgaⁱṇti, “smelling badly”), Sogdian γnt (“stench”), Persian گنده (gande, “stench”), Northern Luri گںن (gən).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡɐn.dʱɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡɐn̪.d̪ʱɐ/

Noun

गन्ध • (gandhá) stem, m

1. odour, smell, fragrance
2. fragrant substance, perfume

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गन्ध

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गन्धः (gandháḥ)	गन्धौ (gandhaú) गन्धा¹ (gandhā́¹)	गन्धाः (gandhā́ḥ) गन्धासः¹ (gandhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	गन्धम् (gandhám)	गन्धौ (gandhaú) गन्धा¹ (gandhā́¹)	गन्धान् (gandhā́n)
instrumental	गन्धेन (gandhéna)	गन्धाभ्याम् (gandhā́bhyām)	गन्धैः (gandhaíḥ) गन्धेभिः¹ (gandhébhiḥ¹)
dative	गन्धाय (gandhā́ya)	गन्धाभ्याम् (gandhā́bhyām)	गन्धेभ्यः (gandhébhyaḥ)
ablative	गन्धात् (gandhā́t)	गन्धाभ्याम् (gandhā́bhyām)	गन्धेभ्यः (gandhébhyaḥ)
genitive	गन्धस्य (gandhásya)	गन्धयोः (gandháyoḥ)	गन्धानाम् (gandhā́nām)
locative	गन्धे (gandhé)	गन्धयोः (gandháyoḥ)	गन्धेषु (gandhéṣu)
vocative	गन्ध (gándha)	गन्धौ (gándhau) गन्धा¹ (gándhā¹)	गन्धाः (gándhāḥ) गन्धासः¹ (gándhāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• गन्धक (gandhaka)
• गन्धकारी (gandhakārī)
• गन्धकुसुमा (gandhakusumā)
• गन्धगज (gandhagaja)
• गन्धजल (gandhajala)
• गन्धनकुल (gandhanakula)
• गन्धपाषाण (gandhapāṣāṇa)
• गन्धमादन (gandhamādana)
• गन्धमृग (gandhamṛga)
• गन्धाखु (gandhākhu)
• गन्धि (gandhi)

Descendants

• Pali: gandha
• Prakrit: 𑀕𑀁𑀥 (gaṃdha), 𑀕𑀁𑀥𑀬 (gaṃdhaya)
  • Central:
    • ⇒ Hindustani: gãdhānā
      • Hindi: गंधाना
      • Urdu: گندھانا
  • Eastern:
    • Assamese: গান্ধ (gandho)
    • Bengali: গন্ধানো (gondhanō), গন্ধ (gondho)
  • Northern:
    • Bhadrawahi: गन् (gan)
    • ⇒ Nepali: गनाउनु (ganāunu)
  • Northwestern:
    • Punjabi: gandh

      Gurmukhi script: ਗੰਧ

      Shahmukhi script: گَن٘دھ

  • Southern:
    • Konkani: gā̃nda

      Devanagari script: गांद

      Latin script: gand

      Devanagari script: गांद

  • Western:
    • ⇒ Gujarati: ગંધાવું (gandhāvũ)
    • Romani: kandel, khandel

Borrowed terms

• → Indonesian: ganda
• → Lü: ᦅᧃᦒᦱ (kanthaa)
• → Hindustani: gandh
  • Hindi: गंध
  • Urdu: گندھ
• → Kannada: ಗಂಧ (gandha)
• ⇒ Malayalam: കെന്തുക (kentuka)
• → Marathi: गंध (gandha), गंधा (gandhā)
• Punjabi: ਗੰਧ (gandh)
• → Tamil: கந்தம் (kantam)
• → Telugu: గంధము (gandhamu)
• → Tagalog: ganda
• → Thai: คันธะ (kan-tá)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “गन्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 345/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gandha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press