ganda

See also: Ganda and gánda

Faroese

Etymology

From the noun gandur (“magic”), from Old Norse gandr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkanta/

Verb

ganda (third person singular past indicative gandaði, supine gandað)

1. to conjure, to bewitch, to jinx, to hex

Conjugation

Conjugation of ganda (group v-30)

infinitive	ganda
supine	gandað
	present	past
first singular	gandi	gandaði
second singular	gandar	gandaði
third singular	gandar	gandaði
plural	ganda	gandaðu
participle (a6)1	gandandi	gandaður
	imperative
singular	ganda!
plural	gandið!

¹Only the past participle being declined.

Synonyms

• rúna

Further reading

"ganda" at Sprotin.fo

Icelandic

Noun

ganda

1. indefinite accusative plural of gandur
2. indefinite genitive plural of gandur

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡanda/ [ˈɡan.da]
• Rhymes: -anda
• Syllabification: gan‧da

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay ݢندا (ganda, “fold”),

• probably from Hindi गंडा (gaṇḍā, “aggregate of four; knot”).
• probably from Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa, “whole cheek, side, joint”).

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

1. dual
2. double
3. fold
4. multiple

Derived terms

• berganda
• berganda-ganda
• diganda
• digandakan
• diperganda-gandakan
• dipergandakan
• ganda-berganda
• memperganda-gandakan
• mempergandakan
• mengganda
• menggandakan
• pengganda
• penggandaan
• pergandaan

Compounds

• ganda campuran

Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay ݢندا (ganda, “odour; perfume”), from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandá, “scent, smell”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gandʰás (“smell”).

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

1. scent, smell

   Synonym: bau

Compounds

• ganda rasa

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Betawi ganda.

Adjective

ganda (comparative lebih ganda, superlative paling ganda)

1. dare to fight
2. able to do something easily

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Balinese [Term?]

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

1. dry corn husk

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Moronene [Term?]

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

1. distended stomach

Etymology 6

Borrowed from Malay [Term?] (Riau dialect).

Noun

ganda (plural ganda-ganda)

1. wood used as a support for a whetstone

Further reading

• “ganda”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• gande (e-infinitive)
• gainnj, gainn, gannj (palatalization)

Etymology

Compare to Faroese ganda

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²ɡɑndɑ/
• IPA^(key): /ɡɑɲː/ (Trøndelag dialect)

Verb

ganda (present tense gandar, past tense ganda, past participle ganda, passive infinitive gandast, present participle gandande, imperative ganda/gand)

1. to conjure
2. to use magic sending a sickness upon somebody

   Synonyms: forheksa, tauvra

Related terms

• gand
• gandferd
• gandfluge
• gandfugl

References

• “ganda” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Oromo

Noun

ganda

1. village

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɐ̃.dɐ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɡɐ̃.dɐ/

• Hyphenation: gan‧da

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Bengali গন্ডার (gonḍar), from Sanskrit गण्ड (gaṇḍa).

Noun

ganda f (plural gandas)

1. (dated, India) rhinoceros

   Synonyms: rinoceronte, abada (dated)

Etymology 2

Alteration of grande.

Adjective

ganda m or f (plural gandas)

1. (Portugal, colloquial) large, big

Further reading

• “ganda”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “ganda”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *ìkándà.

Noun

ganda class V (plural maganda class VI)

1. skin
2. shell
3. peel

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Sabaki *-ganda, from Proto-Bantu *-gánda. Cognate with Kipfokomo -ganda

Verb

-ganda (infinitive kuganda)

1. to coagulate; freeze

   maziwa ya kuganda

   curdled milk

2. to spoil (of food)

Conjugation

Conjugation of -ganda
Positive present -naganda Subjunctive -gande Negative -gandi Imperative singular ganda
Infinitives
Positive kuganda Negative kutoganda
Imperatives
Singular ganda Plural gandeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huganda Positive past positive subject concord + -liganda Negative past negative subject concord + -kuganda
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naganda) Singular Plural 1st person ninaganda/naganda tunaganda 2nd person unaganda mnaganda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaganda wanaganda other classes positive subject concord + -naganda
Negative present (negative subject concord + -gandi) Singular Plural 1st person sigandi hatugandi 2nd person hugandi hamgandi 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hagandi hawagandi other classes negative subject concord + -gandi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taganda Negative future negative subject concord + -taganda
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -gande) Singular Plural 1st person nigande tugande 2nd person ugande mgande 3rd person m-wa(I/II) agande wagande other classes positive subject concord + -gande
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sigande Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeganda Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeganda Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliganda Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliganda
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aganda) Singular Plural 1st person naganda twaganda 2nd person waganda mwaganda 3rd person m-wa(I/II) aganda waganda m-mi(III/IV) waganda yaganda ji-ma(V/VI) laganda yaganda ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaganda vyaganda n(IX/X) yaganda zaganda u(XI) waganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwaganda pa(XVI) paganda mu(XVIII) mwaganda
Perfect positive subject concord + -meganda "Already" positive subject concord + -meshaganda "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaganda "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiganda "If not" positive subject concord + -sipoganda Consecutive kaganda / positive subject concord + -kaganda Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kagande
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niganda -tuganda 2nd person -kuganda -waganda/-kugandeni/-wagandeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mganda -waganda m-mi(III/IV) -uganda -iganda ji-ma(V/VI) -liganda -yaganda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiganda -viganda n(IX/X) -iganda -ziganda u(XI) -uganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuganda pa(XVI) -paganda mu(XVIII) -muganda Reflexive -jiganda
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -ganda- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -gandaye -gandao m-mi(III/IV) -gandao -gandayo ji-ma(V/VI) -gandalo -gandayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -gandacho -gandavyo n(IX/X) -gandayo -gandazo u(XI) -gandao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -gandako pa(XVI) -gandapo mu(XVIII) -gandamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -ganda) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeganda -oganda m-mi(III/IV) -oganda -yoganda ji-ma(V/VI) -loganda -yoganda ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choganda -vyoganda n(IX/X) -yoganda -zoganda u(XI) -oganda see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koganda pa(XVI) -poganda mu(XVIII) -moganda
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -gandia
  • Causative: -gandisha
  • Stative: -gandika
  • Static: -gandama

• Nominal derivations:
  • mgando

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• ganra — dialectal, Rizal, informal

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ɡanˈda/ [ɡ̠ɐn̪ˈd̪a]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: gan‧da

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ-

Sanskrit गन्ध (gandha)bor.

Tagalog ganda

Borrowed from Sanskrit गन्ध (gandhá, “aroma, fragrance”) with semantic shift, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *g(ʰ)andʰ- (“to smell”).

Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

1. beauty

   Synonyms: kagandahan, dilag, karilagan

2. splendor

   Synonyms: dikit, kariktan, dingal, karingalan

3. fineness; excellence; fine quality (of someone's work, etc.)

   Synonyms: husay, kahusayan

4. fineness; brightness (of weather)

   Synonyms: kaaliwalasan, kaliwanagan, kagandahan

Derived terms

• adnagam
• damagans
• damags
• gandahan
• gandang-kalooban
• gandang-langit
• gandara
• gandiz
• gumanda
• ikaganda
• ipaganda
• kagandahan
• maganda
• magandahan
• magandahin
• magandang araw
• Magandang Balita
• magandang gabi
• magandang hapon
• magandang tanghali
• magandang umaga
• magandang-kalooban
• magandang-loob
• magandang-maganda
• magmaganda
• magmagandang-loob
• magpaganda
• nakagaganda
• napakaganda
• paganda
• pagandahan
• pagandahin
• pagkaganda
• pampaganda
• timpalak-kagandahan

Etymology 2

Probably from Sanskrit कन्द (kanda, “garlic; bulbous plant”). Compare Cebuano ganda.

Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

1. garlic chive; Chinese chive

   Synonyms: kutsay, perero

Derived terms

• gandang-usa

Etymology 3

Noun

gandá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ᜔ᜇ)

1. annual interest of a hundred percent on a loan

See also

• takipan

Further reading

• “ganda”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613), Vocabulario de lengua tagala. El romance castellano puesto primero. Primera, y segunda parte.‎^[1] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish and Classical Tagalog), as directed by Gov. Gen. Juan de Silva, Pila, Laguna: La noble Villa de Pila, por Tomás Pinpin y Domingo Loag.
  • page 26: “Adornar) Ganda [(pc)] alguna ymagen o nouia, o adorno de virtudes”
  • page 125: “Bueno) Ganda [(pc)] excelente y ſin ygual”
  • page 316: “Excelente) Ganda (pc) ſea lo que fuere”
  • page 351: “Hermoſura) Ganda (pc) aſi de cara como de arreo”
  • page 605: “Vſura) Ganda (pc) q̃ creçe de cada año”
• Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016), Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 282

Anagrams

• dagan