गृध्र

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृध्र (gṛ́dhra). Doublet of गिद्ध (giddh), a tadbhava.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɡɾɪd̪ʱ.ɾᵊ/

Adjective

गृध्र • (gŕdhra) (indeclinable)

1. (rare, formal) greedy

   Synonyms: (more common) लालची (lālcī), लोभी (lobhī)

Noun

गृध्र • (gŕdhra) m

1. (rare, formal) a vulture

   Synonym: (more common) गिद्ध (giddh)

Declension

Declension of गृध्र (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्र gŕdhra
oblique	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्रों gŕdhrõ
vocative	गृध्र gŕdhra	गृध्रो gŕdhro

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “गृध्र”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “गृध्र”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884), “गृध्र”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• গৃধ্ৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬕᬺᬥ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
• গৃধ্র (Bengali script)
• 𑰐𑰴𑰠𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀕𑀾𑀥𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဂၖဓြ (Burmese script)
• ગૃધ્ર (Gujarati script)
• ਗ੍ਰਧ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌗𑍃𑌧𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦒꦽꦣꦿ (Javanese script)
• 𑂏𑃂𑂡𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಗೃಧ್ರ (Kannada script)
• គ្ឫធ្រ (Khmer script)
• ຄ຺ຣິຘ຺ຣ (Lao script)
• ഗൃധ്ര (Malayalam script)
• ᡤᡵᡳᢡᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘐𑘵𑘠𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠷᠢᢑᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦰𑧖𑧀𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐐𑐺𑐢𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଗୃଧ୍ର (Odia script)
• ꢔꢺꢤ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆓𑆸𑆣𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖐𑖴𑖠𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
• ගෘධ්‍ර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩞𑩙𑩮 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚌𑚜𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
• க்³ரித்⁴ர (Tamil script)
• గృధ్ర (Telugu script)
• คฺฤธฺร (Thai script)
• གྲྀ་དྷྲ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒑𑒵𑒡𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨍𑨼𑨉𑨜𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡŕ̩dʱ.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɡr̩d̪ʱ.ɾɐ/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥dʰrás, from Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾l̥dʰ-ró-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eldʰ- (“to desire greedily”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa, “greedy”), Proto-Slavic *gȏldъ (“hunger”).

Adjective

गृध्र॑ • (gṛ́dhra) stem

1. desiring greedily or fervently, eager for, desirous
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृध्रः॑ (gṛ́dhraḥ)	गृध्रौ॑ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राः॑ (gṛ́dhrāḥ) गृध्रा॑सः¹ (gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹)
accusative	गृध्र॑म् (gṛ́dhram)	गृध्रौ॑ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्रा॑न् (gṛ́dhrān)
instrumental	गृध्रे॑ण (gṛ́dhreṇa)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रैः॑ (gṛ́dhraiḥ) गृध्रे॑भिः¹ (gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृध्रा॑य (gṛ́dhrāya)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रे॑भ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृध्रा॑त् (gṛ́dhrāt)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रे॑भ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृध्र॑स्य (gṛ́dhrasya)	गृध्र॑योः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रा॑णाम् (gṛ́dhrāṇām)
locative	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्र॑योः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रे॑षु (gṛ́dhreṣu)
vocative	गृध्र॑ (gṛ́dhra)	गृध्रौ॑ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राः॑ (gṛ́dhrāḥ) गृध्रा॑सः¹ (gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of गृध्रा॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृध्रा॑ (gṛ́dhrā)	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राः॑ (gṛ́dhrāḥ)
accusative	गृध्रा॑म् (gṛ́dhrām)	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राः॑ (gṛ́dhrāḥ)
instrumental	गृध्र॑या (gṛ́dhrayā) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रा॑भिः (gṛ́dhrābhiḥ)
dative	गृध्रा॑यै (gṛ́dhrāyai)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रा॑भ्यः (gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ)
ablative	गृध्रा॑याः (gṛ́dhrāyāḥ) गृध्रा॑यै² (gṛ́dhrāyai²)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रा॑भ्यः (gṛ́dhrābhyaḥ)
genitive	गृध्रा॑याः (gṛ́dhrāyāḥ) गृध्रा॑यै² (gṛ́dhrāyai²)	गृध्र॑योः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रा॑णाम् (gṛ́dhrāṇām)
locative	गृध्रा॑याम् (gṛ́dhrāyām)	गृध्र॑योः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रा॑सु (gṛ́dhrāsu)
vocative	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्राः॑ (gṛ́dhrāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of गृध्र॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृध्र॑म् (gṛ́dhram)	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्रा॑णि (gṛ́dhrāṇi) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)
accusative	गृध्र॑म् (gṛ́dhram)	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्रा॑णि (gṛ́dhrāṇi) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)
instrumental	गृध्रे॑ण (gṛ́dhreṇa)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रैः॑ (gṛ́dhraiḥ) गृध्रे॑भिः¹ (gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृध्रा॑य (gṛ́dhrāya)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रे॑भ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृध्रा॑त् (gṛ́dhrāt)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रे॑भ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृध्र॑स्य (gṛ́dhrasya)	गृध्र॑योः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रा॑णाम् (gṛ́dhrāṇām)
locative	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्र॑योः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रे॑षु (gṛ́dhreṣu)
vocative	गृध्र॑ (gṛ́dhra)	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्रा॑णि (gṛ́dhrāṇi) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: giddha

Etymology 2

Nominal derivative of the adjective गृध्र (gṛdhra, “greedy”) above. Literally meaning "the greedy one".

Noun

गृध्र॑ • (gṛ́dhra) stem, m

1. a vulture
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.104.22:

     उलू॑कयातुं शुशु॒लूक॑यातुं ज॒हि श्वया॑तुमु॒त कोक॑यातुम्।
     सु॒प॒र्णया॑तुमु॒त गृध्र॑यातुं दृ॒षदे॑व॒ प्र मृ॑ण॒ रक्ष॑ इन्द्र॥

     úlūkayātuṃ śuśulū́kayātuṃ jahí śváyātumutá kókayātum.
     suparṇáyātumutá gṛ́dhrayātuṃ dṛṣádeva prá mṛṇa rákṣa indra.

     Destroy the demon disguised as an owl or owlet, destroy him disguised as dog or cuckoo.
     Destroy him shaped as an eagle or as a vulture as with a stone, O Indra, crush the demon.

   • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of गृध्र॑

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	गृध्रः॑ (gṛ́dhraḥ)	गृध्रौ॑ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राः॑ (gṛ́dhrāḥ) गृध्रा॑सः¹ (gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹)
accusative	गृध्र॑म् (gṛ́dhram)	गृध्रौ॑ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्रा॑न् (gṛ́dhrān)
instrumental	गृध्रे॑ण (gṛ́dhreṇa)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रैः॑ (gṛ́dhraiḥ) गृध्रे॑भिः¹ (gṛ́dhrebhiḥ¹)
dative	गृध्रा॑य (gṛ́dhrāya)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रे॑भ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
ablative	गृध्रा॑त् (gṛ́dhrāt)	गृध्रा॑भ्याम् (gṛ́dhrābhyām)	गृध्रे॑भ्यः (gṛ́dhrebhyaḥ)
genitive	गृध्र॑स्य (gṛ́dhrasya)	गृध्र॑योः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रा॑णाम् (gṛ́dhrāṇām)
locative	गृध्रे॑ (gṛ́dhre)	गृध्र॑योः (gṛ́dhrayoḥ)	गृध्रे॑षु (gṛ́dhreṣu)
vocative	गृध्र॑ (gṛ́dhra)	गृध्रौ॑ (gṛ́dhrau) गृध्रा॑¹ (gṛ́dhrā¹)	गृध्राः॑ (gṛ́dhrāḥ) गृध्रा॑सः¹ (gṛ́dhrāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Kashmiri: ग्रद् (grad, “vulture, eagle”)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਗਿਰਝ (girjha), ਗਿੱਧ (giddha, “vulture”)
• Pali: gaddha
  • → Telugu: గద్ద (gadda), గ్రద్ద (gradda) (Sanskritized)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀥 (giddha), *𑀕𑀺𑀤𑁆𑀤 (*gidda) — reconstructed based on descendants
  • Gujarati: ગીધ (gīdh)
  • Hindustani: giddh

    Hindi: गिद्ध

    Urdu: گِدّھ (giddh)

  • Konkani: gīd

    Devanagari script: गीद

    Kannada script: ಗೀದ್

    Latin script: gid

  • Maithili:

    Devanagari script: गिद्ध (giddha), गीध (gīdh)

    Tirhuta script: 𑒑𑒱𑒠𑓂𑒡 (giddha), 𑒑𑒲𑒡 (gīdha)

  • Old Marathi:

    Devanagari script: गिध (gidha), गीद (gīda), गीध (gīdha)

    Modi script: 𑘐𑘲𑘟 (gīda), 𑘐𑘲𑘠 (gīdha)

  • Odia: ଗୀଧ (gidha)
• → Kannada: ಗೃಧ್ರ (gṛdhra)
• → Tamil: கிருத்திரம் (kiruttiram)
• → Hindi: गृध्र (gŕdhra) (learned)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “गृध्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 361.
• Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “गृध्र”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “gṛ́dhra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “GARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 474