परशु

See also: पर्शु

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

পৰশু (Assamese script)
ᬧᬭᬰᬸ (Balinese script)
পরশু (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰨𑰫𑰲 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀭𑀰𑀼 (Brahmi script)
ပရၐု (Burmese script)
પરશુ (Gujarati script)
ਪਰਸ਼ੁ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌰𑌶𑍁 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦫꦯꦸ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂩𑂬𑂳 (Kaithi script)
ಪರಶು (Kannada script)
បរឝុ (Khmer script)
ປຣຨຸ (Lao script)
പരശു (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠᡵᠠᡧᡠ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘨𑘫𑘳 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᠷᠠᠱᠤ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑧈𑧋𑧔 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐬𑐱𑐸 (Newa script)
ପରଶୁ (Odia script)
ꢦꢬꢯꢸ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆫𑆯𑆶 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖨𑖫𑖲 (Siddham script)
පරශු (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩼𑩿𑩒 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚤𑚧𑚰 (Takri script)
பரஶு (Tamil script)
పరశు (Telugu script)
ปรศุ (Thai script)
པ་ར་ཤུ (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒩𑒬𑒳 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨫𑨮𑨃 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Cognate with Ossetian фӕрӕт (færæt, “axe”) and Ancient Greek πέλεκυς (pélekus, “axe”),^[1]^[2] and hence apparently reconstructible back to Proto-Indo-European^[1]^[2] as *peleḱús (“axe”), though not derivable from PIE morphology or known roots. The word is often considered a Wanderwort,^[1] and the similarity of Akkadian 𒁄 (pilaqqu, “wooden handle; spindle, harp”) (from Sumerian 𒁄 (balag, “wooden handle; spindle, harp; possibly a split piece of wood or wooden wedge”)) has led some to suggest that the Proto-Indo-European word is a borrowing of the Akkadian word.^[3]^[1]^[2] Alternatively from another Semitic word, from the root *palaq- (compare Arabic فَلَقَ (falaqa, “to split apart”)). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾɐ.ɕú/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾɐ.ɕu/

Noun

प॒र॒शु • (paraśú) stem, m ^[3]

a hatchet, an axe

Declension

Masculine u-stem declension of प॒र॒शु
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	प॒र॒शुः (paraśúḥ)	प॒र॒शू (paraśū́)	प॒र॒शवः॑ (paraśávaḥ)
accusative	प॒र॒शुम् (paraśúm)	प॒र॒शू (paraśū́)	प॒र॒शून् (paraśū́n)
instrumental	प॒र॒शुना॑ (paraśúnā) प॒र॒श्वा¹ (paraśvā́¹)	प॒र॒शुभ्या॑म् (paraśúbhyām)	प॒र॒शुभिः॑ (paraśúbhiḥ)
dative	प॒र॒शवे॑ (paraśáve) प॒र॒श्वे¹ (paraśvé¹)	प॒र॒शुभ्या॑म् (paraśúbhyām)	प॒र॒शुभ्यः॑ (paraśúbhyaḥ)
ablative	प॒र॒शोः (paraśóḥ) प॒र॒श्वः¹ (paraśváḥ¹)	प॒र॒शुभ्या॑म् (paraśúbhyām)	प॒र॒शुभ्यः॑ (paraśúbhyaḥ)
genitive	प॒र॒शोः (paraśóḥ) प॒र॒श्वः¹ (paraśváḥ¹)	प॒र॒श्वोः (paraśvóḥ)	प॒र॒शू॒नाम् (paraśūnā́m)
locative	प॒र॒शौ (paraśáu)	प॒र॒श्वोः (paraśvóḥ)	प॒र॒शुषु॑ (paraśúṣu)
vocative	पर॑शो (páraśo)	पर॑शू (páraśū)	पर॑शवः (páraśavaḥ)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

परशुराम (paraśurāma)

Descendants

Pali: parasu, pharasu
Prakrit: 𑀧𑀭𑀲𑀼 (parasu)
- Central:
  - Hindustani: parsā, parsiyā
    - Hindi: परसा, परसिया
    - Urdu: پَرسا, پَرسِیَ
- Northwestern:
  - Punjabi: pharsā
    Shahmukhi script: پھَرسا
    
    Gurmukhi script: ਫਰਸਾ
- Southern:
  - Dhivehi: ފުރޯ (furō)
  - Marathi: फरस (pharas), फरशी (pharśī)
  - Sinhalese: පොරොව (porowa)
Prakrit: 𑀨𑀭𑀲𑀼 (pharasu)
- Northern:
  - Kumaoni: फर्स (phars)
  - Nepali: फर्सा (pharsā)
- Western:
  - Gujarati: ફરશી (pharśī)

Borrowed terms

→ Tamil: பரசு (paracu)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 J. P. Mallory, D. Q. Adams, The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European (2006, →ISBN): "We find cognates in Grk pélekus, Oss færæt, and Skt paraśú, and the proto-form is often compared with Semitic forms, e.g. Akkadian pilakku which some translate as 'axe' but others translate as 'spindle', which is semantically very distant."
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Martin Bernal, Black Athena: The linguistic evidence
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “paraśú-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 87