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पर्शु

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: परशु

Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-Iranian *párćuš (rib), from Proto-Indo-European *pérḱus. Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬯𐬎𐬱 (pərəsuš, rib, side), Northern Kurdish parsû (rib), Ossetian фарс (fars, side), Old Church Slavonic прьси (prĭsi, breast); see also पृष्टि (pṛṣṭi, rib).

In the Rigveda, this word means only "rib", but it came also to mean "sickle" in the later Atharvaveda. This semantic transfer becomes clear when we take into consideration the rib-like shape of the sickle and realize that the rib of a horse was actually sharpened to produce the instrument.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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पर्शु (párśu) stemm

  1. a rib
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.105.8:
      सं मा॑ तपन्त्य॒भित॑: स॒पत्नी॑रिव॒ पर्श॑वः
      मूषो॒ न शि॒श्ना व्य॑दन्ति मा॒ध्य॑: स्तो॒तारं॑ ते शतक्रतो वि॒त्तं मे॑ अ॒स्य रो॑दसी॥
      sáṃ mā tapantyabhíta: sapátnīriva párśavaḥ.
      mū́ṣo ná śiśnā́ vyadanti mādhyà: stotā́raṃ te śatakrato vittáṃ me asyá rodasī.
      The ribs (of the well close) round me, like the rival wives (of one husband); cares consume me, Śatakratu, although your worshipper, as a rat (gnaws a weaver's) threads.
      Heaven and earth, be conscious of this (my affliction).
  2. curved knife, sickle
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 12.3.31:
      प्र यच्छ पर्शुं त्वरया हरौसमहिंसन्त ओषधीर्दान्तु पर्वन् ।
      यासां सोमः परि राज्यं बभूवामन्युता नो वीरुधो भवन्तु ॥
      pra yaccha parśuṃ tvarayā harausamahiṃsanta oṣadhīrdāntu parvan.
      yāsāṃ somaḥ pari rājyaṃ babhūvāmanyutā no vīrudho bhavantu.
      Present the sickle: quickly bring it hither. Let them out plants and joints with hands that harm not.
      So may the plants be free from wrath against us, they o'er whose realm Soma hath won dominion.
  3. name of a man
  4. (in the plural) name of a warrior-tribe

Declension

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Masculine u-stem declension of पर्शु (párśu)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative पर्शुः
párśuḥ
पर्शू
párśū
पर्शवः
párśavaḥ
Vocative पर्शो
párśo
पर्शू
párśū
पर्शवः
párśavaḥ
Accusative पर्शुम्
párśum
पर्शू
párśū
पर्शून्
párśūn
Instrumental पर्शुना / पर्श्वा¹
párśunā / párśvā¹
पर्शुभ्याम्
párśubhyām
पर्शुभिः
párśubhiḥ
Dative पर्शवे
párśave
पर्शुभ्याम्
párśubhyām
पर्शुभ्यः
párśubhyaḥ
Ablative पर्शोः
párśoḥ
पर्शुभ्याम्
párśubhyām
पर्शुभ्यः
párśubhyaḥ
Genitive पर्शोः
párśoḥ
पर्श्वोः
párśvoḥ
पर्शूनाम्
párśūnām
Locative पर्शौ
párśau
पर्श्वोः
párśvoḥ
पर्शुषु
párśuṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Noun

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पर्शु (párśu) stemf

  1. the supporting or side wall of a well
  2. name of a woman

Declension

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Feminine u-stem declension of पर्शु (párśu)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative पर्शुः
párśuḥ
पर्शू
párśū
पर्शवः
párśavaḥ
Vocative पर्शो
párśo
पर्शू
párśū
पर्शवः
párśavaḥ
Accusative पर्शुम्
párśum
पर्शू
párśū
पर्शूः
párśūḥ
Instrumental पर्श्वा
párśvā
पर्शुभ्याम्
párśubhyām
पर्शुभिः
párśubhiḥ
Dative पर्शवे / पर्श्वै¹
párśave / párśvai¹
पर्शुभ्याम्
párśubhyām
पर्शुभ्यः
párśubhyaḥ
Ablative पर्शोः / पर्श्वाः¹ / पर्श्वै²
párśoḥ / párśvāḥ¹ / párśvai²
पर्शुभ्याम्
párśubhyām
पर्शुभ्यः
párśubhyaḥ
Genitive पर्शोः / पर्श्वाः¹ / पर्श्वै²
párśoḥ / párśvāḥ¹ / párśvai²
पर्श्वोः
párśvoḥ
पर्शूनाम्
párśūnām
Locative पर्शौ / पर्श्वाम्¹
párśau / párśvām¹
पर्श्वोः
párśvoḥ
पर्शुषु
párśuṣu
Notes
  • ¹Later Sanskrit
  • ²Brāhmaṇas

References

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  • Monier Williams (1899) “पर्शु”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 609/2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 100-101
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “párśu”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 448