रुज्

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Sanskrit

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (to break off, shatter). Cognate with Ancient Greek λῠγρός (lugrós, mournful), Latin lugeō whence English lugubrious; Old English lūcan (to pluck out, pull up), whence English louk.

Pronunciation

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Root

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रुज् (ruj)

  1. to break, break open, dash to pieces
  2. to shatter, destroy
  3. to cause pain, afflict, injure

Adjective

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रुज् (ruj) stem

  1. breaking, crushing, shattering

Declension

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Masculine root-stem declension of रुज् (ruj)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative रुक्
ruk
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Vocative रुक्
ruk
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Accusative रुजम्
rujam
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Instrumental रुजा
rujā
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भिः
rugbhiḥ
Dative रुजे
ruje
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भ्यः
rugbhyaḥ
Ablative रुजः
rujaḥ
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भ्यः
rugbhyaḥ
Genitive रुजः
rujaḥ
रुजोः
rujoḥ
रुजाम्
rujām
Locative रुजि
ruji
रुजोः
rujoḥ
रुक्षु
rukṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Feminine root-stem declension of रुज् (ruj)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative रुक्
ruk
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Vocative रुक्
ruk
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Accusative रुजम्
rujam
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Instrumental रुजा
rujā
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भिः
rugbhiḥ
Dative रुजे
ruje
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भ्यः
rugbhyaḥ
Ablative रुजः
rujaḥ
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भ्यः
rugbhyaḥ
Genitive रुजः
rujaḥ
रुजोः
rujoḥ
रुजाम्
rujām
Locative रुजि
ruji
रुजोः
rujoḥ
रुक्षु
rukṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Neuter root-stem declension of रुज् (ruj)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative रुक्
ruk
रुजी
rujī
रुञ्जि
ruñji
Vocative रुक्
ruk
रुजी
rujī
रुञ्जि
ruñji
Accusative रुक्
ruk
रुजी
rujī
रुञ्जि
ruñji
Instrumental रुजा
rujā
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भिः
rugbhiḥ
Dative रुजे
ruje
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भ्यः
rugbhyaḥ
Ablative रुजः
rujaḥ
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भ्यः
rugbhyaḥ
Genitive रुजः
rujaḥ
रुजोः
rujoḥ
रुजाम्
rujām
Locative रुजि
ruji
रुजोः
rujoḥ
रुक्षु
rukṣu

Noun

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रुज् (ruj) stemf

  1. pain, illness, disease

Declension

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Feminine root-stem declension of रुज् (ruj)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative रुक्
ruk
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Vocative रुक्
ruk
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Accusative रुजम्
rujam
रुजौ / रुजा¹
rujau / rujā¹
रुजः
rujaḥ
Instrumental रुजा
rujā
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भिः
rugbhiḥ
Dative रुजे
ruje
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भ्यः
rugbhyaḥ
Ablative रुजः
rujaḥ
रुग्भ्याम्
rugbhyām
रुग्भ्यः
rugbhyaḥ
Genitive रुजः
rujaḥ
रुजोः
rujoḥ
रुजाम्
rujām
Locative रुजि
ruji
रुजोः
rujoḥ
रुक्षु
rukṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

References

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  • Monier Williams (1899) “रुज्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0882, column 3.
  • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “रुज्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
  • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 142
  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “रुज्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 452; 465