वदति

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Pali

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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वदति

  1. Devanagari script form of vadati

Conjugation

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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    Uncertain.[1] Perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwádati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwádati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wédH-eti, from *h₂wedH- (to utter, call).[2]

    The Indo-European root is reconstructed on this basis of this term and Ancient Greek αὐδή (audḗ, voice, sound, song, oracle). Various scholars also compare Proto-Hellenic *awéidō (to sing) (> Ancient Greek ἀείδω (aeídō)), Proto-Slavic *vaditi (to argue), Lithuanian vadìnti (to call), but there is no consensus on the etymologies of those terms. Per Helmut, Hittite [script needed] (watarnahh-, to command) is probably not cognate.

    Some potential Iranian cognates also exist,[3] including Old Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬛𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬋 (vadəmnō, conversing?, med.pres.ptc), Khotanese [script needed] (nuvai-, to make a noise), Pashto لوستل (lwëstel, to read), and Yagnobi [script needed] (novva, sound, noise).

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    वद॑ति (vádati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root वद्)[4][5][6]

    1. to speak, pronounce
      • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.94.1:
        प्रैते व॑दन्तु॒ प्र व॒यं व॑दाम॒ ग्राव॑भ्यो॒ वाचं॑ वदता॒ वद॑द्भ्यः।
        यद॑द्रयः पर्वताः सा॒कमा॒शव॒: श्लोकं॒ घोषं॒ भर॒थेन्द्रा॑य सो॒मिन॑:॥
        praíté vadantu prá vayáṃ vadāma grā́vabhyo vā́caṃ vadatā vádadbhyaḥ.
        yádadrayaḥ parvatāḥ sākámāśáva: ślókaṃ ghóṣaṃ bhárathéndrāya somína:.
        Let these (stones) speak; let us reply to the speaking stones, and do you (priests) utter (praise); when,you solid, quick-moving stones, you utter the noise of praise together to Indra, (then you become) full of Soma.

    Conjugation

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    Present: वदति (vádati), वदते (vádate)
    Active Mediopassive
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Indicative
    Third वदति
    vádati
    वदतः
    vádataḥ
    वदन्ति
    vádanti
    वदते
    vádate
    वदेते
    vádete
    वदन्ते
    vádante
    Second वदसि
    vádasi
    वदथः
    vádathaḥ
    वदथ
    vádatha
    वदसे
    vádase
    वदेथे
    vádethe
    वदध्वे
    vádadhve
    First वदामि
    vádāmi
    वदावः
    vádāvaḥ
    वदामः / वदामसि¹
    vádāmaḥ / vádāmasi¹
    वदे
    váde
    वदावहे
    vádāvahe
    वदामहे
    vádāmahe
    Imperative
    Third वदतु
    vádatu
    वदताम्
    vádatām
    वदन्तु
    vádantu
    वदताम्
    vádatām
    वदेताम्
    vádetām
    वदन्ताम्
    vádantām
    Second वद
    váda
    वदतम्
    vádatam
    वदत
    vádata
    वदस्व
    vádasva
    वदेथाम्
    vádethām
    वदध्वम्
    vádadhvam
    First वदानि
    vádāni
    वदाव
    vádāva
    वदाम
    vádāma
    वदै
    vádai
    वदावहै
    vádāvahai
    वदामहै
    vádāmahai
    Optative/Potential
    Third वदेत्
    vádet
    वदेताम्
    vádetām
    वदेयुः
    vádeyuḥ
    वदेत
    vádeta
    वदेयाताम्
    vádeyātām
    वदेरन्
    váderan
    Second वदेः
    vádeḥ
    वदेतम्
    vádetam
    वदेत
    vádeta
    वदेथाः
    vádethāḥ
    वदेयाथाम्
    vádeyāthām
    वदेध्वम्
    vádedhvam
    First वदेयम्
    vádeyam
    वदेव
    vádeva
    वदेम
    vádema
    वदेय
    vádeya
    वदेवहि
    vádevahi
    वदेमहि
    vádemahi
    Subjunctive
    Third वदात् / वदाति
    vádāt / vádāti
    वदातः
    vádātaḥ
    वदान्
    vádān
    वदाते / वदातै
    vádāte / vádātai
    वदैते
    vádaite
    वदन्त / वदान्तै
    vádanta / vádāntai
    Second वदाः / वदासि
    vádāḥ / vádāsi
    वदाथः
    vádāthaḥ
    वदाथ
    vádātha
    वदासे / वदासै
    vádāse / vádāsai
    वदैथे
    vádaithe
    वदाध्वै
    vádādhvai
    First वदानि
    vádāni
    वदाव
    vádāva
    वदाम
    vádāma
    वदै
    vádai
    वदावहै
    vádāvahai
    वदामहै
    vádāmahai
    Participles
    वदत्
    vádat
    वदमान
    vádamāna
    Notes
    • The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit.
    • ¹Vedic
    Imperfect: अवदत् (avadat), अवदत (avadata)
    Active Mediopassive
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Indicative
    Third अवदत्
    avadat
    अवदताम्
    avadatām
    अवदन्
    avadan
    अवदत
    avadata
    अवदेताम्
    avadetām
    अवदन्त
    avadanta
    Second अवदः
    avadaḥ
    अवदतम्
    avadatam
    अवदत
    avadata
    अवदथाः
    avadathāḥ
    अवदेथाम्
    avadethām
    अवदध्वम्
    avadadhvam
    First अवदम्
    avadam
    अवदाव
    avadāva
    अवदाम
    avadāma
    अवदे
    avade
    अवदावहि
    avadāvahi
    अवदामहि
    avadāmahi
    Future: वदिष्यति (vadiṣyati), वदिष्यते (vadiṣyate)
    Active Mediopassive
    Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
    Indicative
    Third वदिष्यति
    vadiṣyati
    वदिष्यतः
    vadiṣyataḥ
    वदिष्यन्ति
    vadiṣyanti
    वदिष्यते
    vadiṣyate
    वदिष्येते
    vadiṣyete
    वदिष्यन्ते
    vadiṣyante
    Second वदिष्यसि
    vadiṣyasi
    वदिष्यथः
    vadiṣyathaḥ
    वदिष्यथ
    vadiṣyatha
    वदिष्यसे
    vadiṣyase
    वदिष्येथे
    vadiṣyethe
    वदिष्यध्वे
    vadiṣyadhve
    First वदिष्यामि
    vadiṣyāmi
    वदिष्यावः
    vadiṣyāvaḥ
    वदिष्यामः / वदिष्यामसि¹
    vadiṣyāmaḥ / vadiṣyāmasi¹
    वदिष्ये
    vadiṣye
    वदिष्यावहे
    vadiṣyāvahe
    वदिष्यामहे
    vadiṣyāmahe
    Participles
    वदिष्यत्
    vadiṣyat
    वदिष्यमाण
    vadiṣyamāṇa
    Notes
    • ¹Vedic

    Descendants

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    • Pali: vadati
    • Prakrit: 𑀯𑀬𑀇 (vayaï)

    References

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    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “VADI”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 496
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂u̯edH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 286
    3. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Hu̯adH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
    4. ^ Monier Williams (1899) “वदति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page वद्, 916.
    5. ^ William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 152
    6. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vádati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 656