वदति
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]वदति
- Devanagari script form of vadati
Conjugation
[edit]Active | Middle | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Present | ||||
1st | वदामि (vadāmi) | वदाम (vadāma) | वदे (vade) | वदाम्हे (vadāmhe) |
2nd | वदसि (vadasi) | वदथ (vadatha) | वदसे (vadase) | वदव्हे (vadavhe) |
3rd | वदति (vadati) | वदन्ति (vadanti) | वदते (vadate) | वदन्ते (vadante) or वदरे (vadare) |
Imperative | ||||
1st | वदामि (vadāmi) | वदाम (vadāma) | वदे (vade) | वदामसे (vadāmase) |
2nd | वद (vada) or वदाहि (vadāhi) | वदथ (vadatha) | वदस्सु (vadassu) | वदव्हो (vadavho) |
3rd | वदतु (vadatu) | वदन्तु (vadantu) | वदतं (vadataṃ) | वदन्तं (vadantaṃ) |
Optative | ||||
1st | वदेय्यामि (vadeyyāmi) or वदेय्यं (vadeyyaṃ) or वदे (vade) | वदेय्याम (vadeyyāma) | वदेय्यं (vadeyyaṃ) | वदेय्याम्हे (vadeyyāmhe) |
2nd | वदेय्यासि (vadeyyāsi) or वदे (vade) | वदेय्याथ (vadeyyātha) | वदेथो (vadetho) | वदेय्यव्हो (vadeyyavho) |
3rd | वदेय्य (vadeyya) or वदे (vade) | वदेय्युं (vadeyyuṃ) | वदेथ (vadetha) | वदेरं (vaderaṃ) |
Aorist | ||||
1st | अवोचं (avocaṃ) | अवोचुम्ह (avocumha) | ||
2nd | अवोच (avoca) | अवोचुत्थि (avocutthi) | ||
3rd | अवोच (avoca) | अवोचुं (avocuṃ) |
- Present active participle: वदन्त् (vadant), which see for forms and usage
- Present middle participle: वदमान (vadamāna), which see for forms and usage
- Past participle: वुत्त (vutta)
- Absolutive: वदित्वा (vaditvā)
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]- ৱদতি (Assamese script)
- ᬯᬤᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- বদতি (Bengali script)
- 𑰪𑰟𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀯𑀤𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- ဝဒတိ (Burmese script)
- વદતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਵਦਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌵𑌦𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦮꦢꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂫𑂠𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ವದತಿ (Kannada script)
- វទតិ (Khmer script)
- ວທຕິ (Lao script)
- വദതി (Malayalam script)
- ᠸᠠᡩᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘪𑘟𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᠸᠠᢑᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧊𑦿𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐰𑐡𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଵଦତି (Odia script)
- ꢮꢣꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆮𑆢𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖪𑖟𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- වදති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩾𑩭𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚦𑚛𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- வத³தி (Tamil script)
- వదతి (Telugu script)
- วทติ (Thai script)
- ཝ་ད་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒫𑒠𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨭𑨛𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Uncertain.[1] Perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwádati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwádati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wédH-eti, from *h₂wedH- (“to utter, call”).[2]
The Indo-European root is reconstructed on this basis of this term and Ancient Greek αὐδή (audḗ, “voice, sound, song, oracle”). Various scholars also compare Proto-Hellenic *awéidō (“to sing”) (> Ancient Greek ἀείδω (aeídō)), Proto-Slavic *vaditi (“to argue”), Lithuanian vadìnti (“to call”), but there is no consensus on the etymologies of those terms. Per Helmut, Hittite [script needed] (watarnahh-, “to command”) is probably not cognate.
Some potential Iranian cognates also exist,[3] including Old Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬛𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬋 (vadəmnō, “conversing?”, med.pres.ptc), Khotanese [script needed] (nuvai-, “to make a noise”), Pashto لوستل (lwëstel, “to read”), and Yagnobi [script needed] (novva, “sound, noise”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]वद॑ति • (vádati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root वद्)[4][5][6]
- to speak, pronounce
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.94.1:
- प्रैते व॑दन्तु॒ प्र व॒यं व॑दाम॒ ग्राव॑भ्यो॒ वाचं॑ वदता॒ वद॑द्भ्यः।
यद॑द्रयः पर्वताः सा॒कमा॒शव॒: श्लोकं॒ घोषं॒ भर॒थेन्द्रा॑य सो॒मिन॑:॥- praíté vadantu prá vayáṃ vadāma grā́vabhyo vā́caṃ vadatā vádadbhyaḥ.
yádadrayaḥ parvatāḥ sākámāśáva: ślókaṃ ghóṣaṃ bhárathéndrāya somína:. - Let these (stones) speak; let us reply to the speaking stones, and do you (priests) utter (praise); when,you solid, quick-moving stones, you utter the noise of praise together to Indra, (then you become) full of Soma.
- praíté vadantu prá vayáṃ vadāma grā́vabhyo vā́caṃ vadatā vádadbhyaḥ.
- प्रैते व॑दन्तु॒ प्र व॒यं व॑दाम॒ ग्राव॑भ्यो॒ वाचं॑ वदता॒ वद॑द्भ्यः।
Conjugation
[edit]Present: वदति (vádati), वदते (vádate) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | वदति vádati |
वदतः vádataḥ |
वदन्ति vádanti |
वदते vádate |
वदेते vádete |
वदन्ते vádante | |
Second | वदसि vádasi |
वदथः vádathaḥ |
वदथ vádatha |
वदसे vádase |
वदेथे vádethe |
वदध्वे vádadhve | |
First | वदामि vádāmi |
वदावः vádāvaḥ |
वदामः / वदामसि¹ vádāmaḥ / vádāmasi¹ |
वदे váde |
वदावहे vádāvahe |
वदामहे vádāmahe | |
Imperative | |||||||
Third | वदतु vádatu |
वदताम् vádatām |
वदन्तु vádantu |
वदताम् vádatām |
वदेताम् vádetām |
वदन्ताम् vádantām | |
Second | वद váda |
वदतम् vádatam |
वदत vádata |
वदस्व vádasva |
वदेथाम् vádethām |
वदध्वम् vádadhvam | |
First | वदानि vádāni |
वदाव vádāva |
वदाम vádāma |
वदै vádai |
वदावहै vádāvahai |
वदामहै vádāmahai | |
Optative/Potential | |||||||
Third | वदेत् vádet |
वदेताम् vádetām |
वदेयुः vádeyuḥ |
वदेत vádeta |
वदेयाताम् vádeyātām |
वदेरन् váderan | |
Second | वदेः vádeḥ |
वदेतम् vádetam |
वदेत vádeta |
वदेथाः vádethāḥ |
वदेयाथाम् vádeyāthām |
वदेध्वम् vádedhvam | |
First | वदेयम् vádeyam |
वदेव vádeva |
वदेम vádema |
वदेय vádeya |
वदेवहि vádevahi |
वदेमहि vádemahi | |
Subjunctive | |||||||
Third | वदात् / वदाति vádāt / vádāti |
वदातः vádātaḥ |
वदान् vádān |
वदाते / वदातै vádāte / vádātai |
वदैते vádaite |
वदन्त / वदान्तै vádanta / vádāntai | |
Second | वदाः / वदासि vádāḥ / vádāsi |
वदाथः vádāthaḥ |
वदाथ vádātha |
वदासे / वदासै vádāse / vádāsai |
वदैथे vádaithe |
वदाध्वै vádādhvai | |
First | वदानि vádāni |
वदाव vádāva |
वदाम vádāma |
वदै vádai |
वदावहै vádāvahai |
वदामहै vádāmahai | |
Participles | |||||||
वदत् vádat |
वदमान vádamāna | ||||||
Notes |
|
Imperfect: अवदत् (avadat), अवदत (avadata) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अवदत् avadat |
अवदताम् avadatām |
अवदन् avadan |
अवदत avadata |
अवदेताम् avadetām |
अवदन्त avadanta |
Second | अवदः avadaḥ |
अवदतम् avadatam |
अवदत avadata |
अवदथाः avadathāḥ |
अवदेथाम् avadethām |
अवदध्वम् avadadhvam |
First | अवदम् avadam |
अवदाव avadāva |
अवदाम avadāma |
अवदे avade |
अवदावहि avadāvahi |
अवदामहि avadāmahi |
Future: वदिष्यति (vadiṣyati), वदिष्यते (vadiṣyate) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | वदिष्यति vadiṣyati |
वदिष्यतः vadiṣyataḥ |
वदिष्यन्ति vadiṣyanti |
वदिष्यते vadiṣyate |
वदिष्येते vadiṣyete |
वदिष्यन्ते vadiṣyante | |
Second | वदिष्यसि vadiṣyasi |
वदिष्यथः vadiṣyathaḥ |
वदिष्यथ vadiṣyatha |
वदिष्यसे vadiṣyase |
वदिष्येथे vadiṣyethe |
वदिष्यध्वे vadiṣyadhve | |
First | वदिष्यामि vadiṣyāmi |
वदिष्यावः vadiṣyāvaḥ |
वदिष्यामः / वदिष्यामसि¹ vadiṣyāmaḥ / vadiṣyāmasi¹ |
वदिष्ये vadiṣye |
वदिष्यावहे vadiṣyāvahe |
वदिष्यामहे vadiṣyāmahe | |
Participles | |||||||
वदिष्यत् vadiṣyat |
वदिष्यमाण vadiṣyamāṇa | ||||||
Notes |
|
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) “VADI”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 496
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂u̯edH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 286
- ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*Hu̯adH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
- ^ Monier Williams (1899) “वदति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page वद्, 916.
- ^ William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 152
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vádati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 656
- Pali lemmas
- Pali verbs
- Pali verbs in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root वद्
- Sanskrit terms with unknown etymologies
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit verbs
- Sanskrit class 1 verbs
- Sanskrit parasmaipada verbs
- Sanskrit verbs in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit verbs with s-future