वदति

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

vadati (Latin script)
𑀯𑀤𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ৰদতি (Bengali script)
වදති (Sinhalese script)
ဝဒတိ or ဝၻတိ (Burmese script)
วทติ or วะทะติ (Thai script)
ᩅᨴᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
ວທຕິ or ວະທະຕິ (Lao script)
វទតិ (Khmer script)
𑅇𑄘𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Verb

वदति

Devanagari script form of vadati

Conjugation

Conjugation of "वदति"

	Active		Middle
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Present
1st	वदामि (vadāmi)	वदाम (vadāma)	वदे (vade)	वदाम्हे (vadāmhe)
2nd	वदसि (vadasi)	वदथ (vadatha)	वदसे (vadase)	वदव्हे (vadavhe)
3rd	वदति (vadati)	वदन्ति (vadanti)	वदते (vadate)	वदन्ते (vadante) or वदरे (vadare)
Imperative
1st	वदामि (vadāmi)	वदाम (vadāma)	वदे (vade)	वदामसे (vadāmase)
2nd	वद (vada) or वदाहि (vadāhi)	वदथ (vadatha)	वदस्सु (vadassu)	वदव्हो (vadavho)
3rd	वदतु (vadatu)	वदन्तु (vadantu)	वदतं (vadataṃ)	वदन्तं (vadantaṃ)
Optative
1st	वदेय्यामि (vadeyyāmi) or वदेय्यं (vadeyyaṃ) or वदे (vade)	वदेय्याम (vadeyyāma)	वदेय्यं (vadeyyaṃ)	वदेय्याम्हे (vadeyyāmhe)
2nd	वदेय्यासि (vadeyyāsi) or वदे (vade)	वदेय्याथ (vadeyyātha)	वदेथो (vadetho)	वदेय्यव्हो (vadeyyavho)
3rd	वदेय्य (vadeyya) or वदे (vade)	वदेय्युं (vadeyyuṃ)	वदेथ (vadetha)	वदेरं (vaderaṃ)
Aorist
1st	अवोचं (avocaṃ)	अवोचुम्ह (avocumha)
2nd	अवोच (avoca)	अवोचुत्थि (avocutthi)
3rd	अवोच (avoca)	अवोचुं (avocuṃ)

Present active participle: वदन्त् (vadant), which see for forms and usage
Present middle participle: वदमान (vadamāna), which see for forms and usage
Past participle: वुत्त (vutta)
Absolutive: वदित्वा (vaditvā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৱদতি (Assamese script)
ᬯᬤᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
বদতি (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰟𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑀤𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဝဒတိ (Burmese script)
વદતિ (Gujarati script)
ਵਦਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑌦𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦢꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑂠𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ವದತಿ (Kannada script)
វទតិ (Khmer script)
ວທຕິ (Lao script)
വദതി (Malayalam script)
ᠸᠠᡩᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘟𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠸᠠᢑᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑦿𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐡𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଵଦତି (Odia script)
ꢮꢣꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆢𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖟𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
වදති (Sinhalese script)
𑩾𑩭𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚦𑚛𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
வத³தி (Tamil script)
వదతి (Telugu script)
วทติ (Thai script)
ཝ་ད་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒠𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑨛𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂wedH-?

Sanskrit वद॑ति

Uncertain.^[1] Perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hwádati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hwádati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wédH-eti, from *h₂wedH- (“to utter, call”).^[2]

The Indo-European root is reconstructed on this basis of this term and Ancient Greek αὐδή (audḗ, “voice, sound, song, oracle”). Various scholars also compare Proto-Hellenic *awéidō (“to sing”) (> Ancient Greek ἀείδω (aeídō)), Proto-Slavic *vaditi (“to argue”), Lithuanian vadi̇̀nti (“to call”), but there is no consensus on the etymologies of those terms. Per Helmut, Hittite [script needed] (watarnahh-, “to command”) is probably not cognate.

Some potential Iranian cognates also exist,^[3] including Old Avestan 𐬬𐬀𐬛𐬆𐬨𐬥𐬋 (vadəmnō, “conversing?”, med.pres.ptc), Khotanese [script needed] (nuvai-, “to make a noise”), Pashto لوستل (lwëstel, “to read”), and Yaghnobi [script needed] (novva, “sound, noise”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋɐ́.dɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋɐ.d̪ɐ.t̪i/

Verb

वद॑ति • (vádati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root वद्)^[4]^[5]^[6]

to speak, pronounce
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.94.1:
  प्रैते व॑दन्तु॒ प्र व॒यं व॑दाम॒ ग्राव॑भ्यो॒ वाचं॑ वदता॒ वद॑द्भ्यः।
  यद॑द्रयः पर्वताः सा॒कमा॒शवः॒ श्लोकं॒ घोषं॒ भर॒थेन्द्रा॑य सो॒मिनः॑॥
  práité vadantu prá vayáṃ vadāma grā́vabhyo vā́caṃ vadatā vádadbhyaḥ.
  yádadrayaḥ parvatāḥ sākámāśávaḥ ślókaṃ ghóṣaṃ bhárathéndrāya somínaḥ.
  Let these (stones) speak; let us reply to the speaking stones, and do you (priests) utter (praise); when,you solid, quick-moving stones, you utter the noise of praise together to Indra, (then you become) full of Soma.

Conjugation

Present: वद॑ति (vádati), वद॑ते (vádate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	वद॑ति vádati	वद॑तः vádataḥ	वद॑न्ति vádanti	वद॑ते vádate	वदे॑ते vádete	वद॑न्ते vádante
Second	वद॑सि vádasi	वद॑थः vádathaḥ	वद॑थ vádatha	वद॑से vádase	वदे॑थे vádethe	वद॑ध्वे vádadhve
First	वदा॑मि vádāmi	वदा॑वः vádāvaḥ	वदा॑मः / वदा॑मसि¹ vádāmaḥ / vádāmasi¹	वदे॑ váde	वदा॑वहे vádāvahe	वदा॑महे vádāmahe
Imperative
Third	वद॑तु vádatu	वद॑ताम् vádatām	वद॑न्तु vádantu	वद॑ताम् vádatām	वदे॑ताम् vádetām	वद॑न्ताम् vádantām
Second	वद॑ váda	वद॑तम् vádatam	वद॑त vádata	वद॑स्व vádasva	वदे॑थाम् vádethām	वद॑ध्वम् vádadhvam
First	वदा॑नि vádāni	वदा॑व vádāva	वदा॑म vádāma	वदै॑ vádai	वदा॑वहै vádāvahai	वदा॑महै vádāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	वदे॑त् vádet	वदे॑ताम् vádetām	वदे॑युः vádeyuḥ	वदे॑त vádeta	वदे॑याताम् vádeyātām	वदे॑रन् váderan
Second	वदेः॑ vádeḥ	वदे॑तम् vádetam	वदे॑त vádeta	वदे॑थाः vádethāḥ	वदे॑याथाम् vádeyāthām	वदे॑ध्वम् vádedhvam
First	वदे॑यम् vádeyam	वदे॑व vádeva	वदे॑म vádema	वदे॑य vádeya	वदे॑वहि vádevahi	वदे॑महि vádemahi
Subjunctive
Third	वदा॑त् / वदा॑ति vádāt / vádāti	वदा॑तः vádātaḥ	वदा॑न् vádān	वदा॑ते / वदा॑तै vádāte / vádātai	वदै॑ते vádaite	वद॑न्त / वदा॑न्तै vádanta / vádāntai
Second	वदाः॑ / वदा॑सि vádāḥ / vádāsi	वदा॑थः vádāthaḥ	वदा॑थ vádātha	वदा॑से / वदा॑सै vádāse / vádāsai	वदै॑थे vádaithe	वदा॑ध्वै vádādhvai
First	वदा॑नि vádāni	वदा॑व vádāva	वदा॑म vádāma	वदै॑ vádai	वदा॑वहै vádāvahai	वदा॑महै vádāmahai
Participles
	वद॑त् vádat			वद॑मान vádamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अवदत् (avadat), अवदत (avadata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अवदत् avadat	अवदताम् avadatām	अवदन् avadan	अवदत avadata	अवदेताम् avadetām	अवदन्त avadanta
Second	अवदः avadaḥ	अवदतम् avadatam	अवदत avadata	अवदथाः avadathāḥ	अवदेथाम् avadethām	अवदध्वम् avadadhvam
First	अवदम् avadam	अवदाव avadāva	अवदाम avadāma	अवदे avade	अवदावहि avadāvahi	अवदामहि avadāmahi

Future: वदिष्यति (vadiṣyati), वदिष्यते (vadiṣyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	वदिष्यति vadiṣyati	वदिष्यतः vadiṣyataḥ	वदिष्यन्ति vadiṣyanti	वदिष्यते vadiṣyate	वदिष्येते vadiṣyete	वदिष्यन्ते vadiṣyante
Second	वदिष्यसि vadiṣyasi	वदिष्यथः vadiṣyathaḥ	वदिष्यथ vadiṣyatha	वदिष्यसे vadiṣyase	वदिष्येथे vadiṣyethe	वदिष्यध्वे vadiṣyadhve
First	वदिष्यामि vadiṣyāmi	वदिष्यावः vadiṣyāvaḥ	वदिष्यामः / वदिष्यामसि¹ vadiṣyāmaḥ / vadiṣyāmasi¹	वदिष्ये vadiṣye	वदिष्यावहे vadiṣyāvahe	वदिष्यामहे vadiṣyāmahe
Participles
	वदिष्यत् vadiṣyat			वदिष्यमाण vadiṣyamāṇa
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Pali: vadati
Prakrit: 𑀯𑀬𑀇 (vayaï)

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VAD^I”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 496
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂u̯edH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 286
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hu̯adH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201
^ Monier Williams (1899), “वदति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page वद्, 916.
^ William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 152
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “vádati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 656

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VAD^I”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 496

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂u̯edH-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 286

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Hu̯adH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 201

[4] Monier Williams (1899), “वदति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page वद्, 916.

[5] William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 152

[6] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “vádati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 656

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]