वैडूर्य

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৱৈডূৰ্য (Assamese script)
ᬯᬿᬟᬹᬃᬬ (Balinese script)
বৈডূর্য (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰹𑰚𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑁃𑀟𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
ဝဲဍူရျ (Burmese script)
વૈડૂર્ય (Gujarati script)
ਵੈਡੂਰ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑍈𑌡𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦻꦝꦹꦫꦾ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑂶𑂙𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
ವೈಡೂರ್ಯ (Kannada script)
វៃឌូយ៌ (Khmer script)
ໄວຑູຣ຺ຍ (Lao script)
വൈഡൂര്യ (Malayalam script)
ᠸᠠᡳᡷᡠᡠᡵᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘺𑘚𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
ᠸᠧᠧᢎᠤᠤᠷᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑧛𑦺𑧕𑧈𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐿𑐜𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
ଵୈଡୂର୍ଯ (Odia script)
ꢮꣀꢞꢹꢬ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆽𑆝𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖹𑖚𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
වෛඩූර්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
𑩾𑩗𑩨𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
𑚦𑚳𑚖𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
வைடூ³ர்ய (Tamil script)
వైడూర్య (Telugu script)
ไวฑูรฺย (Thai script)
ཝཻ་ཌཱུ་རྱ (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒻𑒛𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑨇𑨖𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Traditionally explained (Pāṇini, Aṣṭādhyāyī, 4.3.84) as a mineral being named after the city of Vidūra (from विदूरात्यः (Vidūrāt syaḥ)). The Sanskrit word is a derivation of Pali veḷuriya (“beryl”), itself borrowed from Dravidian, an adjectival form of veḷur (“white town”) - compare Telugu వెలి (veli, “white”) and ఊరు (ūru, “town”). Vēḷur (modern-day Bēlūr) was the beryl mining capital city known as Vidūra to Pāṇini. The original meaning of the South Indian word was "white crystals of quartz and beryl" (preserved in Arabic and Persian borrowing), and later "coloured (blue and green) beryl", as retained in Pali and Sanskrit.

Pronunciation

(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋɑj.ɖuːɾ.jɐ/

Noun

वैडूर्य • (vaiḍūrya) stem, n or m

cat's eye (AdbhB., MBh., Kāv. etc.)
(at the end of a compound) a jewel; anything excellent of its kind
name of a particular mountain (also वैडूर्यपर्वत (vaiḍūryaparvata)) (MBh., VarBṛS. etc.)
(Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit) lapis lazuli

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of वैडूर्य
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वैडूर्यम् (vaiḍūryam)	वैडूर्ये (vaiḍūrye)	वैडूर्याणि (vaiḍūryāṇi)
accusative	वैडूर्यम् (vaiḍūryam)	वैडूर्ये (vaiḍūrye)	वैडूर्याणि (vaiḍūryāṇi)
instrumental	वैडूर्येण (vaiḍūryeṇa)	वैडूर्याभ्याम् (vaiḍūryābhyām)	वैडूर्यैः (vaiḍūryaiḥ)
dative	वैडूर्याय (vaiḍūryāya)	वैडूर्याभ्याम् (vaiḍūryābhyām)	वैडूर्येभ्यः (vaiḍūryebhyaḥ)
ablative	वैडूर्यात् (vaiḍūryāt)	वैडूर्याभ्याम् (vaiḍūryābhyām)	वैडूर्येभ्यः (vaiḍūryebhyaḥ)
genitive	वैडूर्यस्य (vaiḍūryasya)	वैडूर्ययोः (vaiḍūryayoḥ)	वैडूर्याणाम् (vaiḍūryāṇām)
locative	वैडूर्ये (vaiḍūrye)	वैडूर्ययोः (vaiḍūryayoḥ)	वैडूर्येषु (vaiḍūryeṣu)
vocative	वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya)	वैडूर्ये (vaiḍūrye)	वैडूर्याणि (vaiḍūryāṇi)

Masculine a-stem declension of वैडूर्य
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वैडूर्यः (vaiḍūryaḥ)	वैडूर्यौ (vaiḍūryau)	वैडूर्याः (vaiḍūryāḥ)
accusative	वैडूर्यम् (vaiḍūryam)	वैडूर्यौ (vaiḍūryau)	वैडूर्यान् (vaiḍūryān)
instrumental	वैडूर्येण (vaiḍūryeṇa)	वैडूर्याभ्याम् (vaiḍūryābhyām)	वैडूर्यैः (vaiḍūryaiḥ)
dative	वैडूर्याय (vaiḍūryāya)	वैडूर्याभ्याम् (vaiḍūryābhyām)	वैडूर्येभ्यः (vaiḍūryebhyaḥ)
ablative	वैडूर्यात् (vaiḍūryāt)	वैडूर्याभ्याम् (vaiḍūryābhyām)	वैडूर्येभ्यः (vaiḍūryebhyaḥ)
genitive	वैडूर्यस्य (vaiḍūryasya)	वैडूर्ययोः (vaiḍūryayoḥ)	वैडूर्याणाम् (vaiḍūryāṇām)
locative	वैडूर्ये (vaiḍūrye)	वैडूर्ययोः (vaiḍūryayoḥ)	वैडूर्येषु (vaiḍūryeṣu)
vocative	वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya)	वैडूर्यौ (vaiḍūryau)	वैडूर्याः (vaiḍūryāḥ)

Descendants

→ Chinese: 吠瑠璃 (MC bjojH lje), 毗琉璃 (MC bjij ljuw lje), 薜琉璃 (MC bejH|peak ljuw lje)，碧琉璃 (MC pjiek ljuw lje), 毘瑠璃 (MC lje), 鞞頭梨 (MC pjie|bej|pjeX|pengX duw lij), 鞞稠梨夜 (MC pjie|bej|pjeX|pengX drjuw lij yaeH)
→ Malay: baiduri, biduri, waiduri (nonstandard)
- > Indonesian: baiduri (inherited)
→ Telugu: వైడూర్యము (vaiḍūryamu)
→ Thai: ไพฑูรย์ (pai-tuun)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “वैडूर्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1021, column 2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 588
Marianne Winder, Vaidurya, in Studies on Indian Medical History, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2001
Arun Kumar Biswas, Vaidūrya, Marakata and other beryl family gem minerals: etymology and traditions in ancient India, 1993, in Indian Journal of History of Science, 29(2)
Pāṇini, Aṣṭādhyāyī, 4.3.84