veḷuriya

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

𑀯𑁂𑀴𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀬 (Brahmi script)
वेळुरिय (Devanagari script)
ৰেল়ুরিয (Bengali script)
වෙළුරිය (Sinhalese script)
ဝေဠုရိယ or ဝေꩮုရိယ (Burmese script)
เวฬุริย or เวฬุริยะ (Thai script)
ᩅᩮᩊᩩᩁᩥᨿ (Tai Tham script)
ເວຬຸຣິຍ or ເວຬຸຣິຍະ or ເວຬຸຣິຢະ (Lao script)
វេឡុរិយ (Khmer script)
𑅇𑄬𑅄𑄪𑄢𑄨𑄠 (Chakma script)

Etymology

The Sanskrit word वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya) is traditionally explained (Pāṇini, Aṣṭādhyāyī, 4.3.84) as a mineral being named after the city of Vidūra (from विदूरात्यः (Vidūrāt syaḥ)). The Sanskrit word is a derivation of veḷuriya (“beryl”), itself borrowed from Dravidian, an adjectival form of veḷur (“white town”) - compare Telugu వెలి (veli, “white”) and ఊరు (ūru, “town”). Vēḷur (modern-day Bēlūr) was the beryl mining capital city known as Vidūra to Pāṇini. The original meaning of the South Indian word was "white crystals of quartz and beryl" (preserved in Arabic and Persian borrowing), and later "coloured (blue and green) beryl", as retained in Pali and Sanskrit.

Noun

veḷuriya n

lapis lazuli, a precious stone

Declension

Declension table of "veḷuriya" (neuter)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	veḷuriyaṃ	veḷuriyāni
Accusative (second)	veḷuriyaṃ	veḷuriyāni
Instrumental (third)	veḷuriyena	veḷuriyehi or veḷuriyebhi
Dative (fourth)	veḷuriyassa or veḷuriyāya or veḷuriyatthaṃ	veḷuriyānaṃ
Ablative (fifth)	veḷuriyasmā or veḷuriyamhā or veḷuriyā	veḷuriyehi or veḷuriyebhi
Genitive (sixth)	veḷuriyassa	veḷuriyānaṃ
Locative (seventh)	veḷuriyasmiṃ or veḷuriyamhi or veḷuriye	veḷuriyesu
Vocative (calling)	veḷuriya	veḷuriyāni

Descendants

→ Aramaic:
- Classical Syriac: ܒܷܪܽܘܠܴܐ (berrūlā), ܒܷܠܽܘܠܴܐ (bellūrā)
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: בירול, ברולין
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: בּוּרְלָא (burlā), בִּירְלָא (birlā)
- Classical Mandaic: ࡁࡉࡋࡅࡓࡀ (bilura)
→ Chinese: 流離 (MC ljuw lje|ljeH|lejH) (→ 璧琉璃 (MC pjiek ljuw lje)), 琉璃 (MC ljuw lje) (*ru rel > lɨu liᴇ) (Late)
瑠璃 (MC lje), 璢璃 (MC lje) (also Late)
- → Japanese: 吠瑠璃 (beiruri), 瑠璃 (ruri)
→ Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑁂𑀮𑀼𑀭𑀺𑀅 (veluria), 𑀯𑁂𑀭𑀼𑀮𑀺𑀅 (verulia)
- → Ancient Greek: βήρυλλος (bḗrullos), βηρύλλιον (bērúllion), βηρύλλιος (bērúllios)
  - Greek: βήρυλλος (víryllos)
  - → Amharic: ብርሌ (bərəlle)
  - → Old Armenian: բիւրեղ (biwreł)
    - Armenian: բյուրեղ (byureġ)
  - → Old Georgian: ბჳრილიონი (bwirilioni)
  - → Ge'ez: ብርሌ (bərəlle), ቢረሌ (birälle), ብረሌ (bərälle)
  - → Sebat Bet Gurage: ብርሌ (bərəlle)
  - → Latin: bēryllus, bērillus, berullus
    - Italo-Romance:
      - Italian: berillo
      - ⇒ Italian: brillare
        → Asturian: brillar
        → Catalan: brillar
        → French: briller
        → Maltese: bbrilla
        → Portuguese: brilhar
        → Spanish: brillar
      - Sicilian: biriḍḍu, birillu
    - Gallo-Italic:
      - ⇒ Romagnol: brilêr
    - Gallo-Romance:
      - Old French: beril, ⇒ bericles
        French: béryl, ⇒ besicles
        → Polish: beryl
        → Middle English: beryl, beril, berill, berille, beralle, berel, berell, berelle, berylle, birall, birell, birrall, brill, burel, burell, byrall, byralle, byrell, byryl (Late Middle English)
        English: beryl
    - Ibero-Romance:
      - Portuguese: berilo
      - Spanish: berilo
    - Borrowings:
      - → Middle Dutch: beril
        Dutch: beril, bril
        Afrikaans: bril
        → Papiamentu: brel
        → West Frisian: bril
      - → Middle High German: berille, brille
        German: Brille
        → Czech: brýle
        → Latvian: brille, brilles
        → Polish: bryle
        Hunsrik: Brill
      - → Middle Low German: berille, barille
        German Low German: brille
        → Danish: brille
        → Norwegian Bokmål: brille
        → Norwegian Nynorsk: brille
        → Swedish: brillor
      - → Russian: берилл (berill)
  - → Tigre: ብርሌ (bərəlle)
  - → Tigrinya: ብርሌ (bərəlle)
→ Middle Persian: bylwl (Book Pahlavi) / bylwr (Manichean) (bēlūr, "crystal")
- Persian: بلور (bellôr, “(white) crystal”)
  - → Arabic: بِلَّوْر (billawr)
    - Egyptian Arabic: بلور (ballūr), بنور (bannūr)
    - Moroccan Arabic: بلار (ballār)
    - → Amharic: በሉር (bälur)
    - → Middle Armenian: պլօր (plōr), պիլօր (pilōr)
    - → Galician: abelorio
    - → Ge'ez: ብሉር (bəlur)
    - → Gujarati: બિલોર (bilor)
    - → Hindi: बिल्लौर (billaur)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: بللور (billur), بلور (billur)
      - Turkish: billur
      - → Albanian: bilur
      - → Bulgarian: билю́р (biljúr)
      - → Crimean Tatar: billur
      - → Serbo-Croatian: bìljūr / бѝљӯр
    - → Punjabi: ਬਲੌਰ (balaur)
    - → Portuguese: avelório
    - → Spanish: abalorio
    - → Swahili: bilauri
    - → Tigre: በሉር (bälur), በኑር (bänur)
    - → Uzbek: billur
  - → Malay: balur
    - Indonesian: balur
→ Parthian: [script needed] (byrwl /⁠*bērūl⁠/)
→ Sanskrit: वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya)
- → Chinese: 吠瑠璃 (MC bjojH lje), 毗琉璃 (MC bjij ljuw lje), 薜琉璃 (MC bejH|peak ljuw lje)，碧琉璃 (MC pjiek ljuw lje), 毘瑠璃 (MC lje), 鞞頭梨 (MC pjie|bej|pjeX|pengX duw lij), 鞞稠梨夜 (MC pjie|bej|pjeX|pengX drjuw lij yaeH)
- → Malay: baiduri, biduri, waiduri (nonstandard)
  - > Indonesian: baiduri (inherited)
- → Telugu: వైడూర్యము (vaiḍūryamu)
- → Thai: ไพฑูรย์ (pai-tuun)

References

Pali Text Society (1921–1925), “veḷuriya”, in Pali-English Dictionary‎, London: Chipstead