शफ

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śapʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćapʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós (“hoof”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬟𐬀 (safa, “hoof”), Old English hōf (whence English hoof).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.pʰɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.pʰɐ/

Noun

शफ • (śaphá) stem, m

1. hoof
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.83.5:

     यस्य व्रते पर्थिवी नन्नमीति यस्य व्रते शफवज् जर्भुरीति।
     यस्य व्रत ओषधीर विश्वरूपाः स नः पर्जन्य महि शर्म यछ॥

     yasya vrate parthivī nannamīti yasya vrate śaphavaj jarbhurīti.
     yasya vrata oṣadhīra viśvarūpāḥ sa naḥ parjanya mahi śarma yacha.

     Thou at whose bidding earth bows low before thee, at whose command hoofed cattle fly in terror
     At whose behest the plants assume all colours, even thou Parjanya, yield us great protection.

2. claw
3. a wooden implement shaped like a claw

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शफ (śaphá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शफः śapháḥ	शफौ / शफा¹ śaphaú / śaphā́¹	शफाः / शफासः¹ śaphā́ḥ / śaphā́saḥ¹
Vocative	शफ śápha	शफौ / शफा¹ śáphau / śáphā¹	शफाः / शफासः¹ śáphāḥ / śáphāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शफम् śaphám	शफौ / शफा¹ śaphaú / śaphā́¹	शफान् śaphā́n
Instrumental	शफेन śaphéna	शफाभ्याम् śaphā́bhyām	शफैः / शफेभिः¹ śaphaíḥ / śaphébhiḥ¹
Dative	शफाय śaphā́ya	शफाभ्याम् śaphā́bhyām	शफेभ्यः śaphébhyaḥ
Ablative	शफात् śaphā́t	शफाभ्याम् śaphā́bhyām	शफेभ्यः śaphébhyaḥ
Genitive	शफस्य śaphásya	शफयोः śapháyoḥ	शफानाम् śaphā́nām
Locative	शफे śaphé	शफयोः śapháyoḥ	शफेषु śaphéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic