शुभ्र
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- শুভ্ৰ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬸᬪ᭄ᬭ (Balinese script)
- শুভ্র (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰲𑰥𑰿𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀼𑀪𑁆𑀭 (Brahmi script)
- ၐုဘြ (Burmese script)
- શુભ્ર (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ੁਭ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍁𑌭𑍍𑌰 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦸꦨꦿ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂳𑂦𑂹𑂩 (Kaithi script)
- ಶುಭ್ರ (Kannada script)
- ឝុភ្រ (Khmer script)
- ຨຸຠ຺ຣ (Lao script)
- ശുഭ്ര (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡠᢨᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘳𑘥𑘿𑘨 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠤᠪᠾᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧔𑧅𑧠𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐸𑐨𑑂𑐬 (Newa script)
- ଶୁଭ୍ର (Odia script)
- ꢯꢸꢩ꣄ꢬ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆶𑆨𑇀𑆫 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖲𑖥𑖿𑖨 (Siddham script)
- ශුභ්ර (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩒𑩳 𑪙𑩼 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚰𑚡𑚶𑚤 (Takri script)
- ஶுப்⁴ர (Tamil script)
- శుభ్ర (Telugu script)
- ศุภฺร (Thai script)
- ཤུ་བྷྲ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒳𑒦𑓂𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨃𑨡𑩇𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *ḱubʰ-ró-s, from *ḱewbʰ- (“beautiful, clean”). Cognate with Old Armenian սուրբ (surb, “pure, holy”). By surface analysis, शुभ् (śubh) + -र (-ra).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]शु॒भ्र • (śubhrá) stem (root शुभ्)
- bright, radiant, shining
- beautiful, splendid
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.11.4:
- शु॒भ्रं नु ते॒ शुष्मं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः शु॒भ्रं वज्रं॑ बा॒ह्वोर्दधा॑नाः।
शु॒भ्रस्त्वमि॑न्द्र वावृधा॒नो अ॒स्मे दासी॒र्विशः॒ सूर्ये॑ण सह्याः॥- śubhráṃ nú te śúṣmaṃ vardháyantaḥ śubhráṃ vájraṃ bāhvórdádhānāḥ.
śubhrástvámindra vāvṛdhānó asmé dā́sīrvíśaḥ sū́ryeṇa sahyāḥ. - We who add strength to thine own splendid vigour, laying within thine arms the splendid thunder—
With us mayst thou, O Indra, waxen splendid, with Sūrya overcome the Dāsa races.
- śubhráṃ nú te śúṣmaṃ vardháyantaḥ śubhráṃ vájraṃ bāhvórdádhānāḥ.
- शु॒भ्रं नु ते॒ शुष्मं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्तः शु॒भ्रं वज्रं॑ बा॒ह्वोर्दधा॑नाः।
- clear, spotless
Declension
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शु॒भ्रः (śubhráḥ) | शु॒भ्रौ (śubhráu) शु॒भ्रा¹ (śubhrā́¹) |
शु॒भ्राः (śubhrā́ḥ) शु॒भ्रासः॑¹ (śubhrā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | शु॒भ्रम् (śubhrám) | शु॒भ्रौ (śubhráu) शु॒भ्रा¹ (śubhrā́¹) |
शु॒भ्रान् (śubhrā́n) |
| instrumental | शु॒भ्रेण॑ (śubhréṇa) | शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्रैः (śubhráiḥ) शु॒भ्रेभिः॑¹ (śubhrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शु॒भ्राय॑ (śubhrā́ya) | शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्रेभ्यः॑ (śubhrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शु॒भ्रात् (śubhrā́t) | शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्रेभ्यः॑ (śubhrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शु॒भ्रस्य॑ (śubhrásya) | शु॒भ्रयोः॑ (śubhráyoḥ) | शु॒भ्राणा॑म् (śubhrā́ṇām) |
| locative | शु॒भ्रे (śubhré) | शु॒भ्रयोः॑ (śubhráyoḥ) | शु॒भ्रेषु॑ (śubhréṣu) |
| vocative | शुभ्र॑ (śúbhra) | शुभ्रौ॑ (śúbhrau) शुभ्रा॑¹ (śúbhrā¹) |
शुभ्राः॑ (śúbhrāḥ) शुभ्रा॑सः¹ (śúbhrāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शु॒भ्रा (śubhrā́) | शु॒भ्रे (śubhré) | शु॒भ्राः (śubhrā́ḥ) |
| accusative | शु॒भ्राम् (śubhrā́m) | शु॒भ्रे (śubhré) | शु॒भ्राः (śubhrā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | शु॒भ्रया॑ (śubhráyā) शु॒भ्रा¹ (śubhrā́¹) |
शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्राभिः॑ (śubhrā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | शु॒भ्रायै॑ (śubhrā́yai) | शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्राभ्यः॑ (śubhrā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शु॒भ्रायाः॑ (śubhrā́yāḥ) शु॒भ्रायै॑² (śubhrā́yai²) |
शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्राभ्यः॑ (śubhrā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शु॒भ्रायाः॑ (śubhrā́yāḥ) शु॒भ्रायै॑² (śubhrā́yai²) |
शु॒भ्रयोः॑ (śubhráyoḥ) | शु॒भ्राणा॑म् (śubhrā́ṇām) |
| locative | शु॒भ्राया॑म् (śubhrā́yām) | शु॒भ्रयोः॑ (śubhráyoḥ) | शु॒भ्रासु॑ (śubhrā́su) |
| vocative | शुभ्रे॑ (śúbhre) | शुभ्रे॑ (śúbhre) | शुभ्राः॑ (śúbhrāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शु॒भ्रम् (śubhrám) | शु॒भ्रे (śubhré) | शु॒भ्राणि॑ (śubhrā́ṇi) शु॒भ्रा¹ (śubhrā́¹) |
| accusative | शु॒भ्रम् (śubhrám) | शु॒भ्रे (śubhré) | शु॒भ्राणि॑ (śubhrā́ṇi) शु॒भ्रा¹ (śubhrā́¹) |
| instrumental | शु॒भ्रेण॑ (śubhréṇa) | शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्रैः (śubhráiḥ) शु॒भ्रेभिः॑¹ (śubhrébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शु॒भ्राय॑ (śubhrā́ya) | शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्रेभ्यः॑ (śubhrébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शु॒भ्रात् (śubhrā́t) | शु॒भ्राभ्या॑म् (śubhrā́bhyām) | शु॒भ्रेभ्यः॑ (śubhrébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शु॒भ्रस्य॑ (śubhrásya) | शु॒भ्रयोः॑ (śubhráyoḥ) | शु॒भ्राणा॑म् (śubhrā́ṇām) |
| locative | शु॒भ्रे (śubhré) | शु॒भ्रयोः॑ (śubhráyoḥ) | शु॒भ्रेषु॑ (śubhréṣu) |
| vocative | शुभ्र॑ (śúbhra) | शुभ्रे॑ (śúbhre) | शुभ्रा॑णि (śúbhrāṇi) शुभ्रा॑¹ (śúbhrā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Borrowed terms
[edit]- → Telugu: శుభ్రము (śubhramu)
Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (šulā, “clay”)
- Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀲𑀼𑀩𑁆𑀪 (subbha, “white”)
- Punjabi: ਸੁੱਭਰ (subbhar, “a kind of thick, coarse traditional red cloth given to a bride by her maternal grandparents”)
References
[edit]- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “śubhrá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 647
Further reading
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “शुभ्र”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1084, column 1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “śubhrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 727
Categories:
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms suffixed with -र
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शुभ्
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives