साह

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀸𑀳𑀼 (sāhu), from Sanskrit साधु (sādhu), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sáHdʰuṣ, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáHdʰuš, from Proto-Indo-European *séHdʰus, from the root *seHdʰ-. Cognate to Southern Hindko 𑅰𑅐𑅒, Nepali साउ (sāu), Bengali সাউ (śau), Gujarati સાહ (sāh), Marathi 𑘭𑘰𑘄 (sāu).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /sɑːɦ/, [säːʱ]

Noun

साह • (sāh) m (Urdu spelling ساہ)

1. merchant, banker
2. gentleman

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সাহ (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬵᬳ (Balinese script)
• সাহ (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰯𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀸𑀳 (Brahmi script)
• သာဟ (Burmese script)
• સાહ (Gujarati script)
• ਸਾਹ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌾𑌹 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦴꦲ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂰𑂯 (Kaithi script)
• ಸಾಹ (Kannada script)
• សាហ (Khmer script)
• ສາຫ (Lao script)
• സാഹ (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘰𑘮 (Modi script)
• ᠰᠠᢗᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧑𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐵𑐴 (Newa script)
• ସାହ (Odia script)
• ꢱꢵꢲ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆳𑆲 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖯𑖮 (Siddham script)
• සාහ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩛𑪂 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚭𑚩 (Takri script)
• ஸாஹ (Tamil script)
• సాహ (Telugu script)
• สาห (Thai script)
• སཱ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒰𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨊𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root सह् (sah, “to prevail, conquer”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɑː.ɦɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɑː.ɦɐ/

Adjective

सा॒ह • (sāhá) stem

1. powerful, mighty (RV.)
2. (also षाह (ṣāha), at the end of compounds) resisting, conquering, subduing (MBh.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of सा॒ह

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सा॒हः (sāháḥ)	सा॒हौ (sāháu) सा॒हा¹ (sāhā́¹)	सा॒हाः (sāhā́ḥ) सा॒हासः॑¹ (sāhā́saḥ¹)
accusative	सा॒हम् (sāhám)	सा॒हौ (sāháu) सा॒हा¹ (sāhā́¹)	सा॒हान् (sāhā́n)
instrumental	सा॒हेन॑ (sāhéna)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हैः (sāháiḥ) सा॒हेभिः॑¹ (sāhébhiḥ¹)
dative	सा॒हाय॑ (sāhā́ya)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हेभ्यः॑ (sāhébhyaḥ)
ablative	सा॒हात् (sāhā́t)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हेभ्यः॑ (sāhébhyaḥ)
genitive	सा॒हस्य॑ (sāhásya)	सा॒हयोः॑ (sāháyoḥ)	सा॒हाना॑म् (sāhā́nām)
locative	सा॒हे (sāhé)	सा॒हयोः॑ (sāháyoḥ)	सा॒हेषु॑ (sāhéṣu)
vocative	साह॑ (sā́ha)	साहौ॑ (sā́hau) साहा॑¹ (sā́hā¹)	साहाः॑ (sā́hāḥ) साहा॑सः¹ (sā́hāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of सा॒हा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सा॒हा (sāhā́)	सा॒हे (sāhé)	सा॒हाः (sāhā́ḥ)
accusative	सा॒हाम् (sāhā́m)	सा॒हे (sāhé)	सा॒हाः (sāhā́ḥ)
instrumental	सा॒हया॑ (sāháyā) सा॒हा¹ (sāhā́¹)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हाभिः॑ (sāhā́bhiḥ)
dative	सा॒हायै॑ (sāhā́yai)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हाभ्यः॑ (sāhā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	सा॒हायाः॑ (sāhā́yāḥ) सा॒हायै॑² (sāhā́yai²)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हाभ्यः॑ (sāhā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	सा॒हायाः॑ (sāhā́yāḥ) सा॒हायै॑² (sāhā́yai²)	सा॒हयोः॑ (sāháyoḥ)	सा॒हाना॑म् (sāhā́nām)
locative	सा॒हाया॑म् (sāhā́yām)	सा॒हयोः॑ (sāháyoḥ)	सा॒हासु॑ (sāhā́su)
vocative	साहे॑ (sā́he)	साहे॑ (sā́he)	साहाः॑ (sā́hāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of सा॒ह

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	सा॒हम् (sāhám)	सा॒हे (sāhé)	सा॒हानि॑ (sāhā́ni) सा॒हा¹ (sāhā́¹)
accusative	सा॒हम् (sāhám)	सा॒हे (sāhé)	सा॒हानि॑ (sāhā́ni) सा॒हा¹ (sāhā́¹)
instrumental	सा॒हेन॑ (sāhéna)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हैः (sāháiḥ) सा॒हेभिः॑¹ (sāhébhiḥ¹)
dative	सा॒हाय॑ (sāhā́ya)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हेभ्यः॑ (sāhébhyaḥ)
ablative	सा॒हात् (sāhā́t)	सा॒हाभ्या॑म् (sāhā́bhyām)	सा॒हेभ्यः॑ (sāhébhyaḥ)
genitive	सा॒हस्य॑ (sāhásya)	सा॒हयोः॑ (sāháyoḥ)	सा॒हाना॑म् (sāhā́nām)
locative	सा॒हे (sāhé)	सा॒हयोः॑ (sāháyoḥ)	सा॒हेषु॑ (sāhéṣu)
vocative	साह॑ (sā́ha)	साहे॑ (sā́he)	साहा॑नि (sā́hāni) साहा॑¹ (sā́hā¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “साह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1212, column 1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 718: “sāhá-”