ᨿ

ᨿ U+1A3F, ᨿ TAI THAM LETTER LOW YA ← ᨾ [U+1A3E] Tai Tham ᩀ → [U+1A40]

Subjoined form of ᨿ

Translingual

Letter

ᨿ (ya)

1. The 34th letter and 26th consonant of the Tai Tham Pali alphabet. In Pali it represents the palatal approximant consonant /j/, written <y> in the Roman script.

See also

• ᨾ (previous letter of the Pali alphabet)
• ᩁ (next letter of the Pali alphabet)

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• ya (Latin script)
• 𑀬 (Brahmi script)
• य (Devanagari script)
• য (Bengali script)
• ය (Sinhalese script)
• ယ (Burmese script)
• ย or ยะ (Thai script)
• ຍ or ຍະ or ຢະ (Lao script)
• យ (Khmer script)
• 𑄠 (Chakma script)

Pronoun

ᨿ m

1. Tai Tham script form of ya (“who (relative)”)
   • 1943, Phaya Luang Maha Sena (Phouy), Learn fast to read Tham characters in Pali Texts [ແບບຣຽນໄວ ເຫຼັ້ມສອງ ຣຽນອ່ານໝັງສືທັມ ຂຽນເປັນພາສາບາລີ]‎^[1], 2nd edition (PDF; overall work in Lao), Buddhist Institute, archived from the original on 4 April 2016, page 24:

     ᨿᩮᩣ ᩈᨶ᩠ᨶᩥᩈᩥᨶ᩠ᨶᩮᩣ ᩅᩁᨻᩮᩣᨵᩥᨾᩪᩃᩮ ᨾᩣᩁᩴ ᩈᩈᩮᨶᩴ ᨾᩉᨲᩥᩴ ᩅᩥᨩᩮᨿ᩠ᨿᩮᩣ*

     yo sannisinno varabodhimūle māraṃ sasenaṃ mahatiṃ vijeyyo*
     * Translated as though vijeyya

     Settled at the Sacred Bodhi’s root, he vanquished Mara and his mighty army.

   • 2005, บุญคิด วัชรศาสตร์, ภาษาเมืองล้านนา [The Language of Mueang Lanna] (overall work in Thai), Chiang Mai: Tharatong Print Shop, →ISBN, page 192:

     (᪒) ᩈᩩᨱᨶ᩠ᨲᩩ ᨽᩮᩣᨶ᩠ᨲᩮᩣ ᨿᩮ ᨴᩮᩅᩤ ᩋᩈ᩠ᨾᩥᩴ ᨮᩣᨶᩮ ᩋᩣᨴᩥᨣᨲᩣ* ᨴᩦᨥᩣᨿᩩᨠᩣ ᩈᨴᩤ ᩉᩮᩣᨶ᩠ᨲᩩ.
     (᪓) ᩈᨻᩛᩈᨲ᩠ᨲᩣᨶᩴ ᩈᩩᨡᩦ ᩋᨲ᩠ᨲᩣᨶᩴ ᨷᩁᩥᩉᩁᨶ᩠ᨲᩩ.

     (2) suṇantu bhonto ye devā asmiṃ ṭhāne ādigatā* dīghāyukā sadā hontu,
     (3) sabbasattānaṃ sukhī attānaṃ pariharantu.
     * Translated as though adhigatā

     Listen, Lords! May the devas who stay at this place always be long-lived, and live happily for themselves and for the benefit of all beings.

Declension

Declension table of "ᨿ" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	ᨿᩮᩣ (yo)	ᨿᩮ (ye)
Accusative (second)	ᨿᩴ (yaṃ)	ᨿᩮ (ye)
Instrumental (third)	ᨿᩮᨶ (yena)	ᨿᩮᩉᩥ (yehi) or ᨿᩮᨽᩥ (yebhi)
Dative (fourth)	ᨿᩔ (yassa)	ᨿᩮᩈᩴ (yesaṃ) or ᨿᩮᩈᩣᨶᩴ (yesānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	ᨿᩈ᩠ᨾᩣ (yasmā) or ᨿᨾ᩠ᩉᩣ (yamhā)	ᨿᩮᩉᩥ (yehi) or ᨿᩮᨽᩥ (yebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	ᨿᩔ (yassa)	ᨿᩮᩈᩴ (yesaṃ) or ᨿᩮᩈᩣᨶᩴ (yesānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	ᨿᩈ᩠ᨾᩥᩴ (yasmiṃ) or ᨿᨾ᩠ᩉᩥ (yamhi)	ᨿᩮᩈᩩ (yesu)

Pronoun

ᨿ n

1. Tai Tham script form of ya (“which (relative)”)
   • 2005, บุญคิด วัชรศาสตร์, ภาษาเมืองล้านนา [The Language of Mueang Lanna] (overall work in Thai), Chiang Mai: Tharatong Print Shop, →ISBN, page 188:

     ᨿᨴᩥᨴᩴ ᨧᨲ᩠ᨲᩣᩁᩥ ᨷᩩᩁᩥᩈᨿᩩᨣᩤᨶᩥ ᩋᨭᩛ ᨷᩩᩁᩥᩈᨷᩩᨣ᩠ᨣᩃᩣ, ᩑᩈ ᨽᨣᩅᨲᩮᩣ ᩈᩣᩅᨠᩈᩘᨥᩮᩣ, ᩋᩣᩉᩩᨶᩮᨿ᩠ᨿᩮᩣ ᨷᩤᩉᩩᨶᩮᨿ᩠ᨿᩮᩣ ᨴᨠ᩠ᨡᩥᨱᩮᨿ᩠ᨿᩮᩣ, ᩋᨬ᩠ᨩᩃᩦᨠᩁᨱᩦᨿᩮᩣ, ᩋᨶᩩᨲ᩠ᨲᩁᩴ ᨷᩩᨬ᩠ᨬᨠ᩠ᨡᩮᨲ᩠ᨲᩴ ᩃᩮᩣᨠᩔᩣᨲᩥ.

     yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā, esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo, añjalīkaraṇīyo, anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti.

     Which is this, the four pairs of persons, the eight types of individuals, this assembly of the Fortunate One's disciples is worthy of gifts, worthy of hospitality, worthy of offerings, worthy of reverential salutation, the unsurpassed field of merit for the world.

   • 2005, บุญคิด วัชรศาสตร์, ภาษาเมืองล้านนา [The Language of Mueang Lanna] (overall work in Thai), Chiang Mai: Tharatong Print Shop, →ISBN, page 192:

     (᪑) ᨿᩴᨠᩥᨬ᩠ᨧᩥ ᨠᩩᩈᩃᩴ ᨠᨲ᩠ᨲᨻᩛᩴ ᨠᨾ᩠ᨾᩴ ᩈᨻᩛᩮᩉᩥ ᨠᨲᩮᩉᩥ ᨠᨲᩴ ᨷᩩᨬ᩠ᨬᩴ ᨶᩮᩣ ᩋᨶᩩᨾᩮᩣᨴᨶ᩠ᨲᩩ.

     (1) yaṅkiñci kusalaṃ kattabbaṃ kammaṃ sabbehi katehi kataṃ puññaṃ no anumodantu

     Whatever wholesome action will be done by us, may they rejoice in the merit produced by all the deeds;

Usage notes

The case form ᨿᨴ᩺ (yad) is only used before vowels and as the prefixed combining form. Before vowels, the ra haam and independent vowel coalesce to the corresponding dependent vowel.

Declension

Declension table of "ᨿ" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	ᨿᩴ (yaṃ) or ᨿᨴ᩺ (yad)	ᨿᩣᨶᩥ (yāni)
Accusative (second)	ᨿᩴ (yaṃ) or ᨿᨴ᩺ (yad)	ᨿᩣᨶᩥ (yāni)
Instrumental (third)	ᨿᩮᨶ (yena)	ᨿᩮᩉᩥ (yehi) or ᨿᩮᨽᩥ (yebhi)
Dative (fourth)	ᨿᩔ (yassa)	ᨿᩮᩈᩴ (yesaṃ) or ᨿᩮᩈᩣᨶᩴ (yesānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	ᨿᩈ᩠ᨾᩣ (yasmā) or ᨿᨾ᩠ᩉᩣ (yamhā)	ᨿᩮᩉᩥ (yehi) or ᨿᩮᨽᩥ (yebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	ᨿᩔ (yassa)	ᨿᩮᩈᩴ (yesaṃ) or ᨿᩮᩈᩣᨶᩴ (yesānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	ᨿᩈ᩠ᨾᩥᩴ (yasmiṃ) or ᨿᨾ᩠ᩉᩥ (yamhi)	ᨿᩮᩈᩩ (yesu)