ἐπιγιγνώσκω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἐπιγινώσκω (epiginṓskō) — Ionic, post-Classical

Etymology

From ἐπι- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ γιγνώσκω (gignṓskō, “to know”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /e.pi.ɡi.ɡnɔ̌ːs.kɔː/ → /e.pi.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/ → /e.pi.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.pi.ɡi.ɡnɔ̌ːs.kɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.pi.ɡiˈɡnos.ko/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.pi.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.pi.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.pi.ʝiˈɣnos.ko/

Verb

ἐπῐγιγνώσκω • (epigignṓskō)

1. to look upon, witness, observe
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 18.30
   • 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 8.1.33
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 18
   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.279
2. to recognize, know again
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.217
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 1296
   • 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 192E
   1. (of things) to find out, discover, detect
      • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1598
      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 2.11.3
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 301E
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 631B.11
      • 200 BCE – 118 BCE, Polybius, The Histories 1.65.6
      • 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Genesis 37.32
3. to come to a judgement, decide
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.57
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.65
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.70
   • 60 BCE – 7 BCE, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 11.52
4. to recognize, acknowledge, approve
   • 53 CE – 55 CE, Paul the Apostle, First Epistle to the Corinthians 16:18

Inflection

   Present: ἐπιγιγνώσκω, ἐπιγιγνώσκομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπιγιγνώσκω	ἐπιγιγνώσκεις	ἐπιγιγνώσκει	ἐπιγιγνώσκετον	ἐπιγιγνώσκετον	ἐπιγιγνώσκομεν	ἐπιγιγνώσκετε	ἐπιγιγνώσκουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπιγιγνώσκω	ἐπιγιγνώσκῃς	ἐπιγιγνώσκῃ	ἐπιγιγνώσκητον	ἐπιγιγνώσκητον	ἐπιγιγνώσκωμεν	ἐπιγιγνώσκητε	ἐπιγιγνώσκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπιγιγνώσκοιμῐ	ἐπιγιγνώσκοις	ἐπιγιγνώσκοι	ἐπιγιγνώσκοιτον	ἐπιγιγνωσκοίτην	ἐπιγιγνώσκοιμεν	ἐπιγιγνώσκοιτε	ἐπιγιγνώσκοιεν
	imperative		ἐπιγίγνωσκε	ἐπιγιγνωσκέτω	ἐπιγιγνώσκετον	ἐπιγιγνωσκέτων		ἐπιγιγνώσκετε	ἐπιγιγνωσκόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπιγιγνώσκομαι	ἐπιγιγνώσκῃ, ἐπιγιγνώσκει	ἐπιγιγνώσκεται	ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθον	ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθον	ἐπιγιγνωσκόμεθᾰ	ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθε	ἐπιγιγνώσκονται
	subjunctive	ἐπιγιγνώσκωμαι	ἐπιγιγνώσκῃ	ἐπιγιγνώσκηται	ἐπιγιγνώσκησθον	ἐπιγιγνώσκησθον	ἐπιγιγνωσκώμεθᾰ	ἐπιγιγνώσκησθε	ἐπιγιγνώσκωνται
	optative	ἐπιγιγνωσκοίμην	ἐπιγιγνώσκοιο	ἐπιγιγνώσκοιτο	ἐπιγιγνώσκοισθον	ἐπιγιγνωσκοίσθην	ἐπιγιγνωσκοίμεθᾰ	ἐπιγιγνώσκοισθε	ἐπιγιγνώσκοιντο
	imperative		ἐπιγιγνώσκου	ἐπιγιγνωσκέσθω	ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθον	ἐπιγιγνωσκέσθων		ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθε	ἐπιγιγνωσκέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπιγιγνώσκειν				ἐπιγιγνώσκεσθαι
participle	m	ἐπιγιγνώσκων				ἐπιγιγνωσκόμενος
	f	ἐπιγιγνώσκουσᾰ				ἐπιγιγνωσκομένη
	n	ἐπιγιγνῶσκον				ἐπιγιγνωσκόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἐπεγίγνωσκον, ἐπεγιγνωσκόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπεγίγνωσκον	ἐπεγίγνωσκες	ἐπεγίγνωσκε(ν)	ἐπεγιγνώσκετον	ἐπεγιγνωσκέτην	ἐπεγιγνώσκομεν	ἐπεγιγνώσκετε	ἐπεγίγνωσκον
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπεγιγνωσκόμην	ἐπεγιγνώσκου	ἐπεγιγνώσκετο	ἐπεγιγνώσκεσθον	ἐπεγιγνωσκέσθην	ἐπεγιγνωσκόμεθᾰ	ἐπεγιγνώσκεσθε	ἐπεγιγνώσκοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: ἐπιγνώσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ἐπιγνώσομαι	ἐπιγνώσῃ, ἐπιγνώσει	ἐπιγνώσεται	ἐπιγνώσεσθον	ἐπιγνώσεσθον	ἐπιγνωσόμεθᾰ	ἐπιγνώσεσθε	ἐπιγνώσονται
	optative	ἐπιγνωσοίμην	ἐπιγνώσοιο	ἐπιγνώσοιτο	ἐπιγνώσοισθον	ἐπιγνωσοίσθην	ἐπιγνωσοίμεθᾰ	ἐπιγνώσοισθε	ἐπιγνώσοιντο
					middle
infinitive					ἐπιγνώσεσθαι
participle	m				ἐπιγνωσόμενος
	f				ἐπιγνωσομένη
	n				ἐπιγνωσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ἐπέγνωκᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπέγνωκᾰ	ἐπέγνωκᾰς	ἐπέγνωκε(ν)	ἐπεγνώκᾰτον	ἐπεγνώκᾰτον	ἐπεγνώκᾰμεν	ἐπεγνώκᾰτε	ἐπεγνώκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπεγνώκω	ἐπεγνώκῃς	ἐπεγνώκῃ	ἐπεγνώκητον	ἐπεγνώκητον	ἐπεγνώκωμεν	ἐπεγνώκητε	ἐπεγνώκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπεγνώκοιμῐ, ἐπεγνωκοίην	ἐπεγνώκοις, ἐπεγνωκοίης	ἐπεγνώκοι, ἐπεγνωκοίη	ἐπεγνώκοιτον	ἐπεγνωκοίτην	ἐπεγνώκοιμεν	ἐπεγνώκοιτε	ἐπεγνώκοιεν
	imperative		ἐπέγνωκε	ἐπεγνωκέτω	ἐπεγνώκετον	ἐπεγνωκέτων		ἐπεγνώκετε	ἐπεγνωκόντων
		active
infinitive		ἐπεγνωκέναι
participle	m	ἐπεγνωκώς
	f	ἐπεγνωκυῖᾰ
	n	ἐπεγνωκός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading

• “ἐπιγιγνώσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ἐπιγιγνώσκω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ἐπιγιγνώσκω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ἐπιγιγνώσκω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ἐπιγιγνώσκω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963