ὀδύνη

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed- (“to eat”), with parallels in Lithuanian ėdžiótis (“to trouble oneself”) and ὀδύρομαι (odúromai, “to wail”) was compared as well. Another representative of this theory has been seen in Old Armenian երկն (erkn, “birth pain”). Or maybe from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to hate; to bite”). Compare also Albanian dhunë.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /o.dý.nɛː/ → /oˈðy.ni/ → /oˈði.ni/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /o.dý.nɛː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /oˈdy.ne̝/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oˈðy.ni/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /oˈðy.ni/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /oˈði.ni/

Noun

ὀδύνη • (odúnē) f (genitive ὀδύνης); first declension

1. pain of body
2. pain of mind, grief, distress

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ὀδῠ́νη; τῆς ὀδῠ́νης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ὀδῠ́νη hē odúnē	τὼ ὀδῠ́νᾱ tṑ odúnā	αἱ ὀδῠ́ναι hai odúnai
Genitive	τῆς ὀδῠ́νης tês odúnēs	τοῖν ὀδῠ́ναιν toîn odúnain	τῶν ὀδῠνῶν tôn odunôn
Dative	τῇ ὀδῠ́νῃ têi odúnēi	τοῖν ὀδῠ́ναιν toîn odúnain	ταῖς ὀδῠ́ναις taîs odúnais
Accusative	τὴν ὀδῠ́νην tḕn odúnēn	τὼ ὀδῠ́νᾱ tṑ odúnā	τᾱ̀ς ὀδῠ́νᾱς tā̀s odúnās
Vocative	ὀδῠ́νη odúnē	ὀδῠ́νᾱ odúnā	ὀδῠ́ναι odúnai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

First declension of ὀδῠ́νη; ὀδῠ́νης (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὀδῠ́νη odúnē	ὀδῠ́νᾱ odúnā	ὀδῠ́ναι odúnai
Genitive	ὀδῠ́νης odúnēs	ὀδῠ́ναιν / ὀδῠ́ναιῐν / ὀδῠ́νῃῐν odúnai(i)n / odúnēiin	ὀδῠνᾱ́ων / ὀδῠνέ͜ων / ὀδῠνῶν odunā́ōn / oduné͜ōn / odunôn
Dative	ὀδῠ́νῃ odúnēi	ὀδῠ́ναιν / ὀδῠ́ναιῐν / ὀδῠ́νῃῐν odúnai(i)n / odúnēiin	ὀδῠ́νῃσῐ / ὀδῠ́νῃσῐν / ὀδῠ́νῃς / ὀδῠ́ναις odúnēisi(n) / odúnēis / odúnais
Accusative	ὀδῠ́νην odúnēn	ὀδῠ́νᾱ odúnā	ὀδῠ́νᾱς odúnās
Vocative	ὀδῠ́νη odúnē	ὀδῠ́νᾱ odúnā	ὀδῠ́ναι odúnai
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• ἀνώδυνος (anṓdunos)
• ὀδυναίτερος (odunaíteros)
• ὀδυνάω (odunáō)
• ὀδύνημα (odúnēma)
• ὀδυνηρός (odunērós)
• ὀδυνήφατος (odunḗphatos)
• ὀδυνηφόρος (odunēphóros)
• ὀδυνοσπάς (odunospás)
• ὀδυνώδης (odunṓdēs)

 

Descendants

• Greek: οδύνη (odýni)

Further reading

• “ὀδύνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὀδύνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “ὀδύνη”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὀδύνη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὀδύνη in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN