ずる
See also: する
Japanese
Noun
Verb
ずる • (zuru) suru (stem じ (ji), past じた (jita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "ずる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | じ・ぜ* | ji ze* | ||
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | じ | ji | ||
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | ずる | zuru | ||
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | ずる | zuru | ||
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | ずれ | zure | ||
| Meireikei ("imperative") | ぜよ¹ じろ² |
zeyo¹ jiro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | じられる ぜられる |
jirareru zerareru | ||
| Causative | じさせる じさす |
jisaseru jisasu | ||
| Potential | じられる ぜられる |
jirareru zerareru | ||
| Volitional | じよう | jiyō | ||
| Negative | じない | jinai | ||
| Negative continuative | ぜず | zezu | ||
| Formal | じます | jimasu | ||
| Perfective | じた | jita | ||
| Conjunctive | じて | jite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | じれば ずれば |
jireba zureba | ||
| * The ze- imperfective occurs in Classical Japanese and in other set phrases, and forms the base of the negative continuative conjugation zezu. The ji- imperfective is most common in Tokyo-standard everyday modern Japanese for forming the base of the negative conjugation jinai.
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||