괴롭다
Korean
Etymology
From 고 (苦, go) + —롭다 (-ropda).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kwe̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠] ~ [kø̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [궤롭따/괴롭따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | goeropda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | goelobda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | koeropta |
| Yale Romanization? | koylopta |
Adjective
괴롭다 • (goeropda) (irregular, infinitive 괴로워, sequential 괴로우니)
- (to be) painful, distressing
- (to be) embarrassed
Conjugation
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 괴롭다 goeropda |
괴로워 goerowo |
괴로워요 goerowoyo |
괴롭습니다 goeropseumnida |
| Past | 괴로웠다 goerowotda |
괴로웠어 goerowosseo |
괴로웠어요 goerowosseoyo |
괴로웠습니다 goerowotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 괴로우냐 goerounya |
괴로워 goerowo |
괴로워요 goerowoyo |
괴롭습니까 goeropseumnikka |
| Past | 괴로웠냐 goerowonnya |
괴로웠어 goerowosseo |
괴로웠어요 goerowosseoyo |
괴로웠습니까 goerowotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 괴롭겠다 goeropgetda |
괴롭겠어 goeropgesseo |
괴롭겠어요 goeropgesseoyo |
괴롭겠습니다 goeropgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 괴로워 goerowo |
괴로워서 goerowoseo |
괴로우니 goerouni |
괴로우니까 goerounikka | |
| Contrast | 괴롭지만 goeropjiman |
괴로운데 goerounde |
괴롭더니 goeropdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 괴롭고 goeropgo |
||||
| Condition | 괴로우면 goeroumyeon |
괴로워야 goerowoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 괴로움 goeroum |
괴롭기 goeropgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 괴로웠음 goerowosseum |
괴로웠기 goerowotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 괴로운 goeroun | |||
| Future | 괴로울 goeroul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 괴로우시다 goerousida |
괴로우셔 goerousyeo |
괴로우세요, 괴로우셔요 goerouseyo, goerousyeoyo |
괴로우십니다 goerousimnida |
| Past | 괴로우셨다 goerousyeotda |
괴로우셨어 goerousyeosseo |
괴로우셨어요 goerousyeosseoyo |
괴로우셨습니다 goerousyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 괴로우시냐 goerousinya |
괴로우셔 goerousyeo |
괴로우세요, 괴로우셔요 goerouseyo, goerousyeoyo |
괴로우십니까 goerousimnikka |
| Past | 괴로우셨냐 goerousyeonnya |
괴로우셨어 goerousyeosseo |
괴로우셨어요 goerousyeosseoyo |
괴로우셨습니까 goerousyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 괴로우시겠다 goerousigetda |
괴로우시겠어 goerousigesseo |
괴로우시겠어요 goerousigesseoyo |
괴로우시겠습니다 goerousigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 괴로우셔 goerousyeo |
괴로우셔서 goerousyeoseo |
괴로우시니 goerousini |
괴로우시니까 goerousinikka | |
| Contrast | 괴로우시지만 goerousijiman |
괴로우신데 goerousinde |
괴로우시더니 goerousideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 괴로우시고 goerousigo |
||||
| Condition | 괴로우시면 goerousimyeon |
괴로우셔야 goerousyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 괴로우심 goerousim |
괴로우시기 goerousigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 괴로우셨음 goerousyeosseum |
괴로우셨기 goerousyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 괴로우신 goerousin | |||
| Future | 괴로우실 goerousil | ||||