깨닫다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean ᄭᆡᄃᆞᆮ다 (Yale: skoytot.ta). Formed as an intensification of ᄭᆡ다 (skoyta), modern 깨다 (kkaeda).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [k͈ɛda̠t̚t͈a̠] ~ [k͈e̞da̠t̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [깨닫따/께닫따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkaedatda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkaedadda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkaedatta |
| Yale Romanization? | kkaytat.ta |
Verb
깨닫다 • (kkaedatda) (irregular, infinitive 깨달아, sequential 깨달으니)
Conjugation
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깨닫는다 kkaedanneunda |
깨달아 kkaedara |
깨달아요 kkaedarayo |
깨닫습니다 kkaedatseumnida |
| Past | 깨달았다 kkaedaratda |
깨달았어 kkaedarasseo |
깨달았어요 kkaedarasseoyo |
깨달았습니다 kkaedaratseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 깨닫느냐 kkaedanneunya |
깨달아 kkaedara |
깨달아요 kkaedarayo |
깨닫습니까 kkaedatseumnikka |
| Past | 깨달았느냐 kkaedaranneunya |
깨달았어 kkaedarasseo |
깨달았어요 kkaedarasseoyo |
깨달았습니까 kkaedaratseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 깨닫자 kkaedatja |
깨달아 kkaedara |
깨달아요 kkaedarayo |
깨달으십시다 kkaedareusipsida | |
| Imperative | 깨달아라 kkaedarara |
깨달아 kkaedara |
깨달아요 kkaedarayo |
깨달읍시오 kkaedareupsio | |
| Assertive | 깨닫겠다 kkaedatgetda |
깨닫겠어 kkaedatgesseo |
깨닫겠어요 kkaedatgesseoyo |
깨닫겠습니다 kkaedatgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 깨달아 kkaedara |
깨달아서 kkaedaraseo |
깨달으니 kkaedareuni |
깨달으니까 kkaedareunikka | |
| Contrast | 깨닫지만 kkaedatjiman |
깨닫는데 kkaedanneunde |
깨닫더니 kkaedatdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 깨닫고 kkaedatgo |
||||
| Condition | 깨달으면 kkaedareumyeon |
깨달아야 kkaedaraya |
|||
| Motive | 깨달으려고 kkaedareuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깨달음 kkaedareum |
깨닫기 kkaedatgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깨달았음 kkaedarasseum |
깨달았기 kkaedaratgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 깨달은 kkaedareun | |||
| Present | 깨닫는 kkaedanneun | ||||
| Future | 깨달을 kkaedareul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 깨달으신다 kkaedareusinda |
깨달으셔 kkaedareusyeo |
깨달으세요, 깨달으셔요 kkaedareuseyo, kkaedareusyeoyo |
깨달으십니다 kkaedareusimnida |
| Past | 깨달으셨다 kkaedareusyeotda |
깨달으셨어 kkaedareusyeosseo |
깨달으셨어요 kkaedareusyeosseoyo |
깨달으셨습니다 kkaedareusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 깨달으시느냐 kkaedareusineunya |
깨달으셔 kkaedareusyeo |
깨달으세요, 깨달으셔요 kkaedareuseyo, kkaedareusyeoyo |
깨달으십니까 kkaedareusimnikka |
| Past | 깨달으셨느냐 kkaedareusyeonneunya |
깨달으셨어 kkaedareusyeosseo |
깨달으셨어요 kkaedareusyeosseoyo |
깨달으셨습니까 kkaedareusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 깨달으시라 kkaedareusira |
깨달으셔 kkaedareusyeo |
깨달으세요 kkaedareuseyo |
깨달으십시오 kkaedareusipsio | |
| Assertive | 깨달으시겠다 kkaedareusigetda |
깨달으시겠어 kkaedareusigesseo |
깨달으시겠어요 kkaedareusigesseoyo |
깨달으시겠습니다 kkaedareusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 깨달으셔 kkaedareusyeo |
깨달으셔서 kkaedareusyeoseo |
깨달으시니 kkaedareusini |
깨달으시니까 kkaedareusinikka | |
| Contrast | 깨달으시지만 kkaedareusijiman |
깨달으시는데 kkaedareusineunde |
깨달으시더니 kkaedareusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 깨달으시고 kkaedareusigo |
||||
| Condition | 깨달으시면 kkaedareusimyeon |
깨달으셔야 kkaedareusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 깨달으시려고 kkaedareusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 깨달으심 kkaedareusim |
깨달으시기 kkaedareusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 깨달으셨음 kkaedareusyeosseum |
깨달으셨기 kkaedareusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 깨달으신 kkaedareusin | |||
| Present | 깨달으시는 kkaedareusineun | ||||
| Future | 깨달으실 kkaedareusil | ||||
References
- National Institute of the Korean Language (Naver.com mirror) (2007 June 4 (last accessed)) “깨닫다”, in 표준국어대사전[1]