꼬다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄭᅩ〮다〮 (Yale: skwó-tá).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈk͈o̞(ː)da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [꼬(ː)다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | kkoda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | kkoda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | kkoda |
| Yale Romanization? | kkōta |
Verb[edit]
| Base | 꼬다 (kkoda) |
|---|---|
| Passive | 꼬이다 (kkoida) |
꼬다 • (kkoda) (infinitive 꽈 or 꼬아, sequential 꼬니) (transitive)
- to twist, to lay (a rope, string, etc.)
- to twist, to squirm, to writhe (one's body); to cross (one's legs)
Conjugation[edit]
Selected forms of the verb 꼬다 (kkoda): vowel-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꼰다 kkonda |
꽈 kkwa |
꽈요, 꼬아요 kkwayo, kkoayo |
꼽니다 kkomnida |
| Past | 꽜다 kkwatda |
꽜어 kkwasseo |
꽜어요 kkwasseoyo |
꽜습니다 kkwatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꼬느냐 kkoneunya |
꽈 kkwa |
꽈요, 꼬아요 kkwayo, kkoayo |
꼽니까 kkomnikka |
| Past | 꽜느냐 kkwanneunya |
꽜어 kkwasseo |
꽜어요 kkwasseoyo |
꽜습니까 kkwatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 꼬자 kkoja |
꽈 kkwa |
꽈요, 꼬아요 kkwayo, kkoayo |
꼬십시다 kkosipsida | |
| Imperative | 꽈라, 꼬아라 kkwara, kkoara |
꽈 kkwa |
꽈요, 꼬아요 kkwayo, kkoayo |
꼽시오 kkopsio | |
| Assertive | 꼬겠다 kkogetda |
꼬겠어 kkogesseo |
꼬겠어요 kkogesseoyo |
꼬겠습니다 kkogetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꽈 kkwa |
꽈서, 꼬아서 kkwaseo, kkoaseo |
꼬니 kkoni |
꼬니까 kkonikka | |
| Contrast | 꼬지만 kkojiman |
꼬는데 kkoneunde |
꼬더니 kkodeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 꼬고 kkogo |
||||
| Condition | 꼬면 kkomyeon |
꽈야, 꼬아야 kkwaya, kkoaya |
|||
| Motive | 꼬려고 kkoryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꼼 kkom |
꼬기 kkogi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꽜음, 꼬았음 kkwasseum, kkoasseum |
꽜기, 꼬았기 kkwatgi, kkoatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 꼰 kkon | |||
| Present | 꼬는 kkoneun | ||||
| Future | 꼴 kkol | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 꼬신다 kkosinda |
꼬셔 kkosyeo |
꼬세요, 꼬셔요 kkoseyo, kkosyeoyo |
꼬십니다 kkosimnida |
| Past | 꼬셨다 kkosyeotda |
꼬셨어 kkosyeosseo |
꼬셨어요 kkosyeosseoyo |
꼬셨습니다 kkosyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 꼬시느냐 kkosineunya |
꼬셔 kkosyeo |
꼬세요, 꼬셔요 kkoseyo, kkosyeoyo |
꼬십니까 kkosimnikka |
| Past | 꼬셨느냐 kkosyeonneunya |
꼬셨어 kkosyeosseo |
꼬셨어요 kkosyeosseoyo |
꼬셨습니까 kkosyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 꼬시라 kkosira |
꼬셔 kkosyeo |
꼬세요 kkoseyo |
꼬십시오 kkosipsio | |
| Assertive | 꼬시겠다 kkosigetda |
꼬시겠어 kkosigesseo |
꼬시겠어요 kkosigesseoyo |
꼬시겠습니다 kkosigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 꼬셔 kkosyeo |
꼬셔서 kkosyeoseo |
꼬시니 kkosini |
꼬시니까 kkosinikka | |
| Contrast | 꼬시지만 kkosijiman |
꼬시는데 kkosineunde |
꼬시더니 kkosideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 꼬시고 kkosigo |
||||
| Condition | 꼬시면 kkosimyeon |
꼬셔야 kkosyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 꼬시려고 kkosiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 꼬심 kkosim |
꼬시기 kkosigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 꼬셨음 kkosyeosseum |
꼬셨기 kkosyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 꼬신 kkosin | |||
| Present | 꼬시는 kkosineun | ||||
| Future | 꼬실 kkosil | ||||