얼다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 얼다 (Yale: elta).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ˈɘ(ː)ɭda̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [얼(ː)다]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	eolda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	eolda
McCune–Reischauer?	ŏlda
Yale Romanization?	ēlta

Verb

얼다 • (eolda) (infinitive 얼어, sequential 어니)

1. (intransitive) to freeze
2. to be frozen

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the verb 얼다 (eolda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	언다 eonda	얼어 eoreo	얼어요 eoreoyo	업니다 eomnida
	Past	얼었다 eoreotda	얼었어 eoreosseo	얼었어요 eoreosseoyo	얼었습니다 eoreotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	어느냐 eoneunya	얼어 eoreo	얼어요 eoreoyo	업니까 eomnikka
	Past	얼었느냐 eoreonneunya	얼었어 eoreosseo	얼었어요 eoreosseoyo	얼었습니까 eoreotseumnikka
Hortative		얼자 eolja	얼어 eoreo	얼어요 eoreoyo	어십시다 eosipsida
Imperative		얼어라 eoreora	얼어 eoreo	얼어요 eoreoyo	업시오 eopsio
Assertive		얼겠다 eolgetda	얼겠어 eolgesseo	얼겠어요 eolgesseoyo	얼겠습니다 eolgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		얼어 eoreo	얼어서 eoreoseo	어니 eoni	어니까 eonikka
Contrast		얼지만 eoljiman	어는데 eoneunde	얼더니 eoldeoni
Conjunction		얼고 eolgo
Condition		얼면 eolmyeon	얼어야 eoreoya
Motive		얼려고 eollyeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		얾 eom	얼기 eolgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		얼었음 eoreosseum	얼었기 eoreotgi
Determiners	Past	언 eon
	Present	어는 eoneun
	Future	얼 eol

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	어신다 eosinda	어셔 eosyeo	어세요, 어셔요 eoseyo, eosyeoyo	어십니다 eosimnida
	Past	어셨다 eosyeotda	어셨어 eosyeosseo	어셨어요 eosyeosseoyo	어셨습니다 eosyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	어시느냐 eosineunya	어셔 eosyeo	어세요, 어셔요 eoseyo, eosyeoyo	어십니까 eosimnikka
	Past	어셨느냐 eosyeonneunya	어셨어 eosyeosseo	어셨어요 eosyeosseoyo	어셨습니까 eosyeotseumnikka
Imperative		어시라 eosira	어셔 eosyeo	어세요 eoseyo	어십시오 eosipsio
Assertive		어시겠다 eosigetda	어시겠어 eosigesseo	어시겠어요 eosigesseoyo	어시겠습니다 eosigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		어셔 eosyeo	어셔서 eosyeoseo	어시니 eosini	어시니까 eosinikka
Contrast		어시지만 eosijiman	어시는데 eosineunde	어시더니 eosideoni
Conjunction		어시고 eosigo
Condition		어시면 eosimyeon	어셔야 eosyeoya
Motive		어시려고 eosiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		어심 eosim	어시기 eosigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		어셨음 eosyeosseum	어셨기 eosyeotgi
Determiners	Past	어신 eosin
	Present	어시는 eosineun
	Future	어실 eosil

Derived terms

• 얼음 (eoreum, “ice”)
• 얼리다 (eollida, “to freeze”) (transitive, causative)