외롭다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 외ᄅᆞᆸ다 (Yale: woylopta). From 외– (oe–) + —롭다 (-ropda).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [we̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠] ~ [ø̞ɾo̞p̚t͈a̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [웨롭따/외롭따]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	oeropda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	oelobda
McCune–Reischauer?	oeropta
Yale Romanization?	oylopta

Adjective

외롭다 • (oeropda) (irregular, infinitive 외로워, sequential 외로우니)

1. alone, lonely, solitary

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 외롭다 (oeropda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	외롭다 oeropda	외로워 oerowo	외로워요 oerowoyo	외롭습니다 oeropseumnida
	Past	외로웠다 oerowotda	외로웠어 oerowosseo	외로웠어요 oerowosseoyo	외로웠습니다 oerowotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	외로우냐 oerounya	외로워 oerowo	외로워요 oerowoyo	외롭습니까 oeropseumnikka
	Past	외로웠냐 oerowonnya	외로웠어 oerowosseo	외로웠어요 oerowosseoyo	외로웠습니까 oerowotseumnikka
Assertive		외롭겠다 oeropgetda	외롭겠어 oeropgesseo	외롭겠어요 oeropgesseoyo	외롭겠습니다 oeropgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		외로워 oerowo	외로워서 oerowoseo	외로우니 oerouni	외로우니까 oerounikka
Contrast		외롭지만 oeropjiman	외로운데 oerounde	외롭더니 oeropdeoni
Conjunction		외롭고 oeropgo
Condition		외로우면 oeroumyeon	외로워야 oerowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		외로움 oeroum	외롭기 oeropgi
Past-tense verbal nouns		외로웠음 oerowosseum	외로웠기 oerowotgi
Determiners	Present		외로운 oeroun
	Future		외로울 oeroul

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	외로우시다 oerousida	외로우셔 oerousyeo	외로우세요, 외로우셔요 oerouseyo, oerousyeoyo	외로우십니다 oerousimnida
	Past	외로우셨다 oerousyeotda	외로우셨어 oerousyeosseo	외로우셨어요 oerousyeosseoyo	외로우셨습니다 oerousyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	외로우시냐 oerousinya	외로우셔 oerousyeo	외로우세요, 외로우셔요 oerouseyo, oerousyeoyo	외로우십니까 oerousimnikka
	Past	외로우셨냐 oerousyeonnya	외로우셨어 oerousyeosseo	외로우셨어요 oerousyeosseoyo	외로우셨습니까 oerousyeotseumnikka
Assertive		외로우시겠다 oerousigetda	외로우시겠어 oerousigesseo	외로우시겠어요 oerousigesseoyo	외로우시겠습니다 oerousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		외로우셔 oerousyeo	외로우셔서 oerousyeoseo	외로우시니 oerousini	외로우시니까 oerousinikka
Contrast		외로우시지만 oerousijiman	외로우신데 oerousinde	외로우시더니 oerousideoni
Conjunction		외로우시고 oerousigo
Condition		외로우시면 oerousimyeon	외로우셔야 oerousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		외로우심 oerousim	외로우시기 oerousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		외로우셨음 oerousyeosseum	외로우셨기 oerousyeotgi
Determiners	Present		외로우신 oerousin
	Future		외로우실 oerousil