죄송하다
Korean
Etymology
From 죄송 (罪悚, joesong) and the native Korean verb 하다 (hada, “to do”).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈt͡ɕwe̞(ː)sʰo̞ŋɦa̠da̠] ~ [ˈt͡ɕø̞(ː)sʰo̞ŋɦa̠da̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [줴(ː)송하다/죄(ː)송하다]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | joesonghada |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | joesonghada |
| McCune–Reischauer? | choesonghada |
| Yale Romanization? | cōysonghata |
Verb
죄송하다 • (joesonghada) (infinitive 죄송해 or 죄송하여, sequential 죄송하니)
- to be sorry, to feel apologetic
- 죄송합니다
- joesonghamnida
- I'm sorry
- 심려를 끼쳐드려 죄송합니다.
- simnyeo-reul kkicheodeuryeo joesonghamnida.
- Sorry to worry you.
- 어제 일은 죄송합니다. —걱정마세요.
- eoje ireun joesonghamnida. -geokjeongmaseyo.
- Sorry about yesterday. — No worries.
- Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)
Conjugation
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 죄송한다 joesonghanda |
죄송해 joesonghae |
죄송해요 joesonghaeyo |
죄송합니다 joesonghamnida |
| Past | 죄송했다 joesonghaetda |
죄송했어 joesonghaesseo |
죄송했어요 joesonghaesseoyo |
죄송했습니다 joesonghaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 죄송하느냐 joesonghaneunya |
죄송해 joesonghae |
죄송해요 joesonghaeyo |
죄송합니까 joesonghamnikka |
| Past | 죄송했느냐 joesonghaenneunya |
죄송했어 joesonghaesseo |
죄송했어요 joesonghaesseoyo |
죄송했습니까 joesonghaetseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 죄송하자 joesonghaja |
죄송해 joesonghae |
죄송해요 joesonghaeyo |
죄송하십시다 joesonghasipsida | |
| Imperative | 죄송해라, 죄송하여라 joesonghaera, joesonghayeora |
죄송해 joesonghae |
죄송해요 joesonghaeyo |
죄송합시오 joesonghapsio | |
| Assertive | 죄송하겠다 joesonghagetda |
죄송하겠어 joesonghagesseo |
죄송하겠어요 joesonghagesseoyo |
죄송하겠습니다 joesonghagetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 죄송해 joesonghae |
죄송해서, 죄송하여서 joesonghaeseo, joesonghayeoseo |
죄송하니 joesonghani |
죄송하니까 joesonghanikka | |
| Contrast | 죄송하지만 joesonghajiman |
죄송하는데 joesonghaneunde |
죄송하더니 joesonghadeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 죄송하고 joesonghago |
||||
| Condition | 죄송하면 joesonghamyeon |
죄송해야, 죄송하여야 joesonghaeya, joesonghayeoya |
|||
| Motive | 죄송하려고 joesongharyeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 죄송함 joesongham |
죄송하기 joesonghagi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 죄송했음, 죄송하였음 joesonghaesseum, joesonghayeosseum |
죄송했기, 죄송하였기 joesonghaetgi, joesonghayeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 죄송한 joesonghan | |||
| Present | 죄송하는 joesonghaneun | ||||
| Future | 죄송할 joesonghal | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 죄송하신다 joesonghasinda |
죄송하셔 joesonghasyeo |
죄송하세요, 죄송하셔요 joesonghaseyo, joesonghasyeoyo |
죄송하십니다 joesonghasimnida |
| Past | 죄송하셨다 joesonghasyeotda |
죄송하셨어 joesonghasyeosseo |
죄송하셨어요 joesonghasyeosseoyo |
죄송하셨습니다 joesonghasyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 죄송하시느냐 joesonghasineunya |
죄송하셔 joesonghasyeo |
죄송하세요, 죄송하셔요 joesonghaseyo, joesonghasyeoyo |
죄송하십니까 joesonghasimnikka |
| Past | 죄송하셨느냐 joesonghasyeonneunya |
죄송하셨어 joesonghasyeosseo |
죄송하셨어요 joesonghasyeosseoyo |
죄송하셨습니까 joesonghasyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 죄송하시라 joesonghasira |
죄송하셔 joesonghasyeo |
죄송하세요 joesonghaseyo |
죄송하십시오 joesonghasipsio | |
| Assertive | 죄송하시겠다 joesonghasigetda |
죄송하시겠어 joesonghasigesseo |
죄송하시겠어요 joesonghasigesseoyo |
죄송하시겠습니다 joesonghasigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 죄송하셔 joesonghasyeo |
죄송하셔서 joesonghasyeoseo |
죄송하시니 joesonghasini |
죄송하시니까 joesonghasinikka | |
| Contrast | 죄송하시지만 joesonghasijiman |
죄송하시는데 joesonghasineunde |
죄송하시더니 joesonghasideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 죄송하시고 joesonghasigo |
||||
| Condition | 죄송하시면 joesonghasimyeon |
죄송하셔야 joesonghasyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 죄송하시려고 joesonghasiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 죄송하심 joesonghasim |
죄송하시기 joesonghasigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 죄송하셨음 joesonghasyeosseum |
죄송하셨기 joesonghasyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 죄송하신 joesonghasin | |||
| Present | 죄송하시는 joesonghasineun | ||||
| Future | 죄송하실 joesonghasil | ||||