짧다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 뎌르다 (Yale: tyeluta).
Also attested in the Myobeomnyeonhwagyeong eonhae (妙法蓮華經諺解 / 묘법연화경언해), 1463, as Middle Korean 뎌르다 (Yale: tyeluta).
Also attested in the Beonyeok Bak Tongsa (飜譯朴通事 / 번역박통사), before 1517, as Middle Korean 뎌르다 (Yale: tyeluta).
Also attested in the Beonyeok Bak Tongsa (飜譯朴通事 / 번역박통사), before 1517, as Middle Korean 댜르다 (Yale: tyaluta).
Also attested in the Mong-eo yuhae bopyeon (蒙語類解補編 / 몽어유해보편), 1790, as Modern Korean 져르다 (jeoreuda).
Also attested in the Hanbul sajeon (韓佛辭典 / 한불사전), 1880, as Modern Korean 져르다 (jeoreuda).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕ͈a̠ɭt͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [짤따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | jjalda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | jjalbda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tchalta |
| Yale Romanization? | ccalpta |
Adjective
짧다 • (jjalda) (infinitive 짧아, sequential 짧으니)
- (to be) short
Usage notes
Used mainly to describe length. For example, 그는 다리가 짧다. (geuneun dariga jjalda., “He has a short leg.”) When referring to a person's height, 작다 (jakda, “small”) is used.
Conjugation
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 짧다 jjalda |
짧아 jjalba |
짧아요 jjalbayo |
짧습니다 jjalseumnida |
| Past | 짧았다 jjalbatda |
짧았어 jjalbasseo |
짧았어요 jjalbasseoyo |
짧았습니다 jjalbatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 짧으냐 jjalbeunya |
짧아 jjalba |
짧아요 jjalbayo |
짧습니까 jjalseumnikka |
| Past | 짧았냐 jjalbannya |
짧았어 jjalbasseo |
짧았어요 jjalbasseoyo |
짧았습니까 jjalbatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 짧겠다 jjalgetda |
짧겠어 jjalgesseo |
짧겠어요 jjalgesseoyo |
짧겠습니다 jjalgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 짧아 jjalba |
짧아서 jjalbaseo |
짧으니 jjalbeuni |
짧으니까 jjalbeunikka | |
| Contrast | 짧지만 jjaljiman |
짧은데 jjalbeunde |
짧더니 jjaldeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 짧고 jjalgo |
||||
| Condition | 짧으면 jjalbeumyeon |
짧아야 jjalbaya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 짧음 jjalbeum |
짧기 jjalgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 짧았음 jjalbasseum |
짧았기 jjalbatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 짧은 jjalbeun | |||
| Future | 짧을 jjalbeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 짧으시다 jjalbeusida |
짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo |
짧으세요, 짧으셔요 jjalbeuseyo, jjalbeusyeoyo |
짧으십니다 jjalbeusimnida |
| Past | 짧으셨다 jjalbeusyeotda |
짧으셨어 jjalbeusyeosseo |
짧으셨어요 jjalbeusyeosseoyo |
짧으셨습니다 jjalbeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 짧으시냐 jjalbeusinya |
짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo |
짧으세요, 짧으셔요 jjalbeuseyo, jjalbeusyeoyo |
짧으십니까 jjalbeusimnikka |
| Past | 짧으셨냐 jjalbeusyeonnya |
짧으셨어 jjalbeusyeosseo |
짧으셨어요 jjalbeusyeosseoyo |
짧으셨습니까 jjalbeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 짧으시겠다 jjalbeusigetda |
짧으시겠어 jjalbeusigesseo |
짧으시겠어요 jjalbeusigesseoyo |
짧으시겠습니다 jjalbeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 짧으셔 jjalbeusyeo |
짧으셔서 jjalbeusyeoseo |
짧으시니 jjalbeusini |
짧으시니까 jjalbeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 짧으시지만 jjalbeusijiman |
짧으신데 jjalbeusinde |
짧으시더니 jjalbeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 짧으시고 jjalbeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 짧으시면 jjalbeusimyeon |
짧으셔야 jjalbeusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 짧으심 jjalbeusim |
짧으시기 jjalbeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 짧으셨음 jjalbeusyeosseum |
짧으셨기 jjalbeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 짧으신 jjalbeusin | |||
| Future | 짧으실 jjalbeusil | ||||
Antonyms
- 길다 (gilda, “to be long”)
Derived terms
- 짧아지다 (jjalbajida, “to get shorter, become shorter”)
- 짧다랗다 (jjaldarata), 짤따랗다 (jjalttarata, “shortish”)
Related terms
- 작다 (jakda, “small”)