𐰏𐰼𐰇

Old Turkic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-gerü. Cognate with Old Uyghur -kʾrw (-gerü), Karakhanid ـكرو (-gerü).

Suffix

𐰏𐰼𐰇 (-gerü)

1. Forms the allative case

   ‎𐱃 (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰏𐰼𐰇 (gr²ü) → ‎𐱃𐰍𐰺𐰆 (atɣaru, “toward the horse”)

Usage notes

1. After first person and second person possessive suffixes, it takes the form 𐰼𐰇- (-erü).

   ‎𐱃 (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰺𐰆 (r¹u) → ‎𐱃𐰢𐰺𐰆 (atïmaru, “toward my horse”)

   ‎𐱃 (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰺𐰆 (r¹u) → ‎𐱃𐰭𐰺𐰆 (atïŋaru, “toward your horse”)

2. After third person possessive suffix, it takes the form 𐰭𐰼𐰇- (-ŋerü).

   ‎𐱃 (at, “horse”) + ‎𐰭𐰺𐰆 (ŋr¹u) → ‎𐱃𐰭𐰺𐰆 (atïŋaru, “toward his/her/its horse”)

Alternative forms

• 𐰍𐰺𐰆- (-ɣaru)
• 𐰭𐰼𐰇- (-ŋerü)
• 𐰭𐰺𐰆- (-ŋaru)
• 𐰼𐰇- (-erü)
• 𐰺𐰆- (-aru)

Derived terms

• 𐰘𐰃𐰺𐰍𐰺𐰆 (yïrɣaru, “northward”)
• 𐰋𐰃𐰼𐰏𐰼𐰇 (bérgerü, “southward”)
• 𐰃𐰠𐰏𐰠𐰇 (ilgerü, “forward, eastward”)
• 𐰸𐰆𐰺𐰍𐰺𐰆 (qurɣaru, “backward, westward”)
• 𐰚𐰃𐰼𐰇 (kérü, “backward”)
• 𐰘𐰇𐰏𐰼𐰇 (yügerü, “upward”)
• 𐰖𐰸𐰺𐰆 (yokɣaru, “upward”)

Related terms

• 𐰏 (-g, “accusative case”)
• 𐰤𐰭 (-niŋ, “genitive case”)
• 𐰚𐰀 (-ke, “dative-locative case”)
• 𐰓𐰀 (-de, “locative-ablative case”)
• 𐰓𐰤 (-din, “ablative case”)
• 𐰲𐰀 (-če, “equative case”)
• 𐰤 (-in, “instrumental case”)
• 𐰠𐰏𐰇 (-ligü, “comitative case”)

References

• Tekin, Talât (1968) “-γaru/-gärü”, in A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic (Uralic and Altaic Series; 69), Bloomington: Indiana University, →ISBN, page 135
• Erdal, Marcel (2004) “+gArU”, in A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 177