Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-gerü

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative forms

• *-garu
• *-ŋerü
• *-ŋaru
• *-erü
• *-erü

Suffix

*-gerü

1. (Old Turkic) Suffix expressing the allative case.

   ‎*at (“horse”) + ‎*-gerü → ‎*atgaru (“toward the horse”)

Usage notes

1. The third person possessive suffix is merges unstable n and -g- to form -ŋaru.

   ‎*anïŋ ebi (“his/her/its house”) + ‎*-gerü → ‎*anïŋ ebiŋerü (“toward his/her/its house”)

2. Words with first person and second person possessive suffixes already end with m and ŋ. In such cases, g decreases.

   ‎*sẹniŋ ebiŋ (“your house”) + ‎*-gerü → ‎*sẹniŋ ebiŋerü (“toward your house”)

   ‎*bẹniŋ ebim (“my house”) + ‎*-gerü → ‎*bẹniŋ ebimerü (“toward my house”)

3. When first and second person singular pronouns take it, they switch to a back voweled environment.

   ‎*sẹ (“you”) + ‎*-gerü → ‎*saŋaru (“toward you”)

   ‎*bẹ (“I”) + ‎*-gerü → ‎*baŋaru (“toward me”)

Related terms

• *-de (“locative case”)
• *-den (“ablative case”)
• *-ka (“dative case”)
• *-ni (“accusative case”)
• *-niŋ (“genitive case”)
• *-če (“equative case”)

Descendants

• Common Turkic:

• Oghuz:
  • Salar: -öre
• Kipchak:
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Southern Altai: -гери (-geri), -кери (-keri)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰏𐰼𐰇 (-gerü)
  • Old Uyghur: -k’rw (-gerü)
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: ـكرو (-gerü)