Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-te

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U	E / I / Ö / Ü
*-ta	*-te

Suffix

*-te

Used to form locative of nouns
‎*eb (“house”) + ‎*-te → ‎*ebte (“in the house”)

Derived terms

*-te-n

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: -те (-te), -ре (-re)
Common Turkic:

Arghu:
- Khalaj: -də (“ablative suffix”)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (-de)
  - Azerbaijani: -də -tə
  - Ottoman Turkish: ـده (-de)
    - Turkish: -de, -te
    - Gagauz: -de
- Turkmen: -de
- Salar: -de
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: -تَا (-te, -ta), -دَا (-de, -da)
  - Chagatai:
    - Uzbek: -da
    - Uyghur: ـدە (-de)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak-Bulgar:
  - Bashkir: -да (-da), -дә (-də), -та (-ta), -тә (-tə)
  - Tatar: -да (-da), -дә (-dä), -та (-ta), -тә (-tä)
- Kipchak-Cuman:
  - Crimean Tatar: -de
  - Kumyk: -де (-de)
  - Karachay-Balkar: -де (-de)
- Kipchak-Nogai:
  - Kazakh: -да (-da), -де (-de), -та (-ta), -те (-te)
  - Karakalpak: -da, -de, -ta, -te
  - Nogai: -де (-de)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: -да (-da), -де (-de), -до (-do), -дө (-dö), -та (-ta), -те (-te), -то (-to), -тө (-tö)
  - Southern Altai: -да (-da), -де (-de), -до (-do), -дӧ (-dö), -та (-ta), -те (-te), -то (-to), -тӧ (-tö)
Siberian Turkic:
- Old Turkic: 𐰓𐰀- (d²a-)
- Old Uyghur: -𐾀𐽰 (-tʾ), -𐽸𐽰 (-dʾ)
- North Siberian Turkic:
  - Yakut: -тэ (-te), -тө (-tö), -нэ (-ne), -нө (-nö) (only for pronouns)
- South Siberian Turkic:
  - Sayan:
    - Tuvan: -де (-de), -те (-te)

References

Erdal, Marcel (2004), “+dA”, in A Grammar of Old Turkic (Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies; 3), Brill Academic Publishers, →ISBN, page 173
Krueger, John Richard (1961), Chuvash Manual: Introduction, Grammar, Reader, and Vocabulary (Uralic and Altaic Series; 7), Indiana University, →ISBN, page 105