𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ubbha (Latin script)
• उब्भ (Devanagari script)
• উব্ভ (Bengali script)
• උබ‍්භ (Sinhalese script)
• ဥဗ္ဘ or ဢုၿ္ꧤ or ဢုၿ်ꧤ (Burmese script)
• อุพฺภ or อุพภะ (Thai script)
• ᩏᨻ᩠ᨽ (Tai Tham script)
• ອຸພ຺ຠ or ອຸພຠະ (Lao script)
• ឧព្ភ (Khmer script)
• 𑄃𑄪𑄝𑄴𑄞 (Chakma script)

Adjective

𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪

1. Brahmi script form of ubbha

Declension

Declension table of "𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁄 (ubbho)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā)
Accusative (second)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (ubbhaṃ)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (ubbhe)
Instrumental (third)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀦 (ubbhena)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ubbhehi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀪𑀺 (ubbhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ubbhassa) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (ubbhatthaṃ)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ubbhasmā) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (ubbhamhā) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ubbhehi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀪𑀺 (ubbhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ubbhassa)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (ubbhasmiṃ) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (ubbhamhi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (ubbhe)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ubbhesu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā)

Declension table of "𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬𑁄 (ubbhāyo) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā)
Accusative (second)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (ubbhaṃ)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬𑁄 (ubbhāyo) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā)
Instrumental (third)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ubbhāhi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀪𑀺 (ubbhābhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ubbhāhi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀪𑀺 (ubbhābhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬𑀁 (ubbhāyaṃ)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀲𑀼 (ubbhāsu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (ubbhe)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬𑁄 (ubbhāyo) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā)

Declension table of "𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (ubbhaṃ)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀺 (ubbhāni)
Accusative (second)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 (ubbhaṃ)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀺 (ubbhāni)
Instrumental (third)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀦 (ubbhena)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ubbhehi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀪𑀺 (ubbhebhi)
Dative (fourth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ubbhassa) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀬 (ubbhāya) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (ubbhatthaṃ)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (ubbhasmā) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (ubbhamhā) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸 (ubbhā)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ubbhehi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀪𑀺 (ubbhebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ubbhassa)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀁 (ubbhānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (ubbhasmiṃ) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (ubbhamhi) or 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂 (ubbhe)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ubbhesu)
Vocative (calling)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha)	𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀦𑀺 (ubbhāni)

Prakrit

Adjective

𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha) (Devanagari उब्भ, Kannada ಉಬ್ಭ) (Jain Māhārāṣṭrī)

1. alternative form of 𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀥 (uddha)
   • c. 1122 – 1123, Devendra, Uttarādhyayana-Vṛtti IV. Karakaṇḍu page 36 line 35:

     𑀯𑀁𑀓𑀸 𑀓𑀻𑀟-𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀇𑀬𑀸 𑀘𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢-𑀮𑀬𑀸 𑀧𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀬𑀸-𑀬 𑀤𑀟𑁆𑀠-𑀬𑁇
     𑀮𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻-𑀬 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪-𑀲𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁂𑀬𑀯𑁆𑀯𑀸 𑀧𑀬𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀡𑁈

     vaṃkā kīḍa-akkhaïyā citta-layā pŏllayā-ya daḍḍha-ya.
     laṭṭhī-ya ubbha-sukkā vajjeyavvā payatteṇa.

     • 1909 translation by John Jacob Meyer

       A stick that is crooked, worm-eaten, and spotted, and bunchy
       and burned and dried up at the top is to be carefully avoided.

   • c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana Chapter 8 2, 59:

     𑀯𑁄𑀭𑁆𑀥𑁆𑀯𑁂 𑁈𑁫𑁯𑁈
     𑀊𑀭𑁆𑀥𑁆𑀯𑀰𑀩𑁆𑀤𑁂 𑀲𑀁𑀬𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀢𑀲𑁆𑀬 𑀪𑁄 𑀯𑀸 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺𑁇 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀁 𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀥𑀁𑁇

     vŏrdhve .59.
     ūrdhvaśabde saṃyuktasya bho vā bhavati. ubbhaṃ uddhaṃ.

Derived terms

Terms inherited from 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀬 (ubbhaya) (< Sanskrit ऊर्ध्वक (ūrdhvaka))

• Ahirani: उभा (ubhā), हुबा (hubā)
• Middle Bengali: উভা (ubha)
  • Bengali: উভা (ubha)
• Old Gujarati: ऊभउं (ūbhaüṃ)
  • Gujarati: ઊભું (ūbhũ)
  • Marwari: ऊभौ (ūbhau)
• Konkani: ubho

  Devanagari script: उभो

  Kannada script: ಉಭೊ

  Latin script: ubho

• Malvi: ऊबो (ūbo)
• Old Marathi: ubha

  Devanagari script: उभ

  Modi script: 𑘄𑘥

  • Marathi: ubhe

    Devanagari script: उभे

    Modi script: 𑘄𑘥𑘹

• Odia: ଉଭା (ubhā)
• Old Punjabi: ਉਭਾ (ubhā /⁠ubbhā⁠/), ਊਭਾ (ūbhā), ਊਭਿ (ūbhi)
  • Punjabi: ubbhe (sāh)

    Gurmukhi script: ਉੱਭੇ (ਸਾਹ)

    Shahmukhi script: اُبھّے (ساہ)

• Saraiki:

  Devanagari script: उब्भा (ubbhā)

  Multani script: 𑊂𑊟 (ubh)

  Shahmukhi script: اُبّھا (ubbhā)

• Sindhi:

  Arabic script: اُڀو

  Devanagari script: उभो

  Khudawadi script: 𑊴𑋖𑋧 (ubho)

• Vaghri: અભો (abho)

• 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀅 (ubbhia) ~ 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀺𑀬 (ubbhiya)

Terms inherited from *𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀼𑀅 ~ *𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀼𑀕 (*ubbhua ~ *ubbhuga)

• Bengali: উবু (ubu)
• Odia: ଉବୁ (ubu)

Terms inherited from 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀇 (ubbhei)

• Assamese: উভা (ubha)
• Old Gujarati: ऊभिवउं (ūbhivaüṃ)
  • ઊભવું (ūbhavũ)
• Hindustani: ūbhnā

  Arabic script: اُوبْھنَا (ūbhnā)

  Devanagari script: ऊभना

  Kaithi script: 𑂈𑂦𑂢𑂰

• Old Marathi: ubhaṇe

  Devanagari script: उभणे

  Modi script: 𑘄𑘥𑘜𑘹

  • Marathi: ubhṇe

    Devanagari script: उभणे

    Modi script: 𑘄𑘥𑘜𑘹

• Nepali: उभिनु (ubhinu)
• Sindhi: ubhaṇu

  Arabic script: اُڀَڻُ

  Devanagari script: उभणु

  Khudawadi script: 𑊴𑋖𑋌𑋣

Descendants

• Assamese: উভ (ubh)
• Bengali: উভ (ubh)
• Braj: ऊभ (ūbh)
• Gujarati: ઊભ (ūbha)
• Hindustani: ūbh

  Arabic script: اُوبْھ (ūbh)

  Devanagari script: ऊभ

  Kaithi script: 𑂈𑂦

References

• Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 77, 209
• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “उब्भ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 166.
• Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 130.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ūrdhvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 115