उभिनु
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Nepali
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Prakrit 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪𑁂𑀇 (ubbhei), from 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha) + -𑀏𑀇 (-ei), from Sanskrit ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]उभिनु • (ubhinu)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of उभिनु [ubʱinu]
Information | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Stem | उभि- [ubʱi-] | |||
Conjugation type | 2nd conjugation: vowel-ending stem, regular. | |||
Derivatives | ||||
I-stem (Passive) |
उभिइनु [ubʱiinu] | |||
Causative | उभ्याउनु [ubʱjäunu] | |||
Non-finite forms | ||||
Infinitives | उभिनु [ubʱinu] उभिन [ubʱinʌ] | |||
Participles | Affirmative (+) | Negative (–) | ||
Conjunctive | उभिएर [ubʱieɾʌ] उभिई [ubʱii] उभिईकन [ubʱiikʌnʌ] |
नउभिएर [nʌ ͜ ubʱieɾʌ] नउभिई [nʌ ͜ ubʱii] नउभिईकन [nʌ ͜ ubʱiikʌnʌ] | ||
1st Perfect | m. sing. | उभिएको [ubʱieko] | नउभिएको [nʌ ͜ ubʱieko] | |
f. sing. | उभिएकी [ubʱieki] | नउभिएकी [nʌ ͜ ubʱieki] | ||
pl. | उभिएका [ubʱiekä] | नउभिएका [nʌ ͜ ubʱiekä] | ||
high-resp. | उभिनुभएको [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌeko] | नउभिनुभएको [nʌ ͜ ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌeko] | ||
2nd Perfect | normal | उभिए [ubʱie] | नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱie] | |
high-resp. | उभिनुभए [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌe] | नउभिनुभए [nʌ ͜ ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌe] | ||
Imperfect | normal | उभिदा [ubʱid̪ä] उभिदै [ubʱid̪ʌi̯] उभिदो [ubʱid̪o] |
नउभिदा [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪ä] नउभिदै [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪ʌi̯] नउभिदो [nʌ ͜ ubʱid̪o] | |
high-resp. | उभिनुहुँदा [ubʱinuɦũd̪ä] उभिनुहुँदै [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯] उभिनुहुँदो [ubʱinuɦũd̪o] |
नउभिनुहुँदा [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪ä] नउभिनुहुँदै [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯] नउभिनुहुँदो [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦũd̪o] | ||
Infinitival | normal | उभिने [ubʱine] | नउभिने [nʌ ͜ ubʱine] | |
high-resp. | उभिनुहुने [ubʱinuɦune] | नउभिनुहुने [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦune] | ||
Absolutive | उभिइ [ubʱii] |
Finite forms of उभिनु [ubʱinu] | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 2nd & 3rd | |||||||||||
Pronoun | म SING. |
हामी PL. |
तँ LOW-RESP. SING. |
तिमी MID-RESP. |
ऊ LOW-RESP. SING. |
उनी MID-RESP. |
तपाईं / ऊहाँ HIGH-RESP. | ||||||||
m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | m | f | ||||
Present | + | उभिन्छु [ubʱint͡sʰu] |
उभिन्छौं [ubʱint͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिन्छस् [ubʱint͡sʰʌs] |
उभिन्छेस् [ubʱint͡sʰes] |
उभिन्छौ [ubʱint͡sʰʌu̯] |
उभिन्छ्यौ [ubʱint͡sʰeu̯] |
उभिन्छ [ubʱint͡sʰʌʌ] |
उभिन्छे [ubʱint͡sʰe] |
उभिन्छन् [ubʱint͡sʰʌn] |
उभिन्छिन् [ubʱint͡sʰin] |
उभिनुहुन्छ [ubʱinuɦunt͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | उभिँदिनँ [ubʱĩd̪inʌ̃] |
उभिँदैनौं [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिँदैनस् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌs] |
उभिँदिनेस् [ubʱĩd̪ines] |
उभिँदैनौ [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌu̯] |
उभिँदिनौ [ubʱĩd̪inʌu̯] |
उभिँदैन [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌ] |
उभिँदिने [ubʱĩd̪ine] |
उभिँदैनन् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌn] |
उभिँदिनन् [ubʱĩd̪inʌn] |
उभिनुहुँदैन [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌ] | ||||
उभिन्नँ [ubʱinnʌ̃] |
उभिन्नौं [ubʱinnʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिन्नस् [ubʱinnʌs] |
उभिन्नौ [ubʱinnʌu̯] |
उभिन्न [ubʱinnʌ] |
उभिन्नन् [ubʱinnʌn] |
उभिनुहुन्न [ubʱinuɦunnʌ] | |||||||||
Past | Simple | + | उभिएं [ubʱiẽ] |
उभियौं [ubʱiẽũ̯] |
उभिइस् [ubʱiis] |
उभियौ [ubʱieu̯] |
उभियो [ubʱijo] |
उभिई [ubʱii] |
उभिए [ubʱie] |
उभिइन् [ubʱiin] |
उभिनुभयो [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌjo] | ||||
– | उभिइनँ [ubʱiinʌ̃] |
उभिएनौं [ubʱienʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिएनस् [ubʱienʌs] |
उभिइनेस् [ubʱiines] |
उभिएनौ [ubʱienʌu̯] |
उभिएन [ubʱienʌ] |
उभिइने [ubʱiine] |
उभिएनन् [ubʱienʌn] |
उभिइनन् [ubʱiinʌn] |
उभिनुभएन [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌenʌ] | |||||
Habitual | + | उभिन्थें [ubʱin̪t̪ʰẽ] |
उभिन्थ्यौं [ubʱin̪t̪ʰẽũ̯] |
उभिन्थिस् [ubʱin̪t̪ʰis] |
उभिन्थ्यौ [ubʱin̪t̪ʰeu̯] |
उभिन्थ्यो [ubʱin̪t̪ʰjo] |
उभिन्थी [ubʱin̪t̪ʰi] |
उभिन्थे [ubʱin̪t̪ʰe] |
उभिन्थिन् [ubʱin̪t̪ʰin] |
उभिनुहुन्थ्यो [ubʱinuɦun̪t̪ʰjo] | |||||
– | उभिँदिनथें [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰẽ] |
उभिँदैनथ्यौं [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] |
उभिँदैनथिस् [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰis] |
उभिँदिनथिस् [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰis] |
उभिँदैनथ्यौ [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰeu̯] |
उभिँदिनथ्यौ [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰeu̯] |
उभिँदैनथ्यो [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] |
उभिँदैनथी [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰi] |
उभिँदैनथे [ubʱĩd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰe] |
उभिँदिनथिन् [ubʱĩd̪inʌt̪ʰin] |
उभिनुहुँदैनथ्यो [ubʱinuɦũd̪ʌi̯nʌt̪ʰjo] | ||||
उभिन्नथें [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰẽ] |
उभिन्नथ्यौं [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰẽũ̯] |
उभिन्नथिस् [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰis] |
उभिन्नथ्यौ [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰeu̯] |
उभिन्नथ्यो [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰjo] |
उभिन्नथी [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰi] |
उभिन्नथे [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰe] |
उभिन्नथिन् [ubʱinnʌt̪ʰin] |
उभिनुहुन्नथ्यो [ubʱinuɦunnʌt̪ʰjo] | |||||||
Unknown | + | उभिएछु [ubʱiet͡sʰu] |
उभिइछु [ubʱiit͡sʰu] |
उभिएछौं [ubʱiet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिएछस् [ubʱiet͡sʰʌs] |
उभिइछेस् [ubʱiit͡sʰes] |
उभिएछौ [ubʱiet͡sʰʌu̯] |
उभिएछ [ubʱiet͡sʰʌ] |
उभिइछे [ubʱiit͡sʰe] |
उभिएछन् [ubʱiet͡sʰʌn] |
उभिइछिन् [ubʱiit͡sʰin] |
उभिनुभएछ [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌet͡sʰʌ] | |||
– | उभिएनछु [ubʱienʌt͡sʰu] |
उभिइनछु [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰu] |
उभिएनछौं [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिएनछस् [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌs] |
उभिइनछेस् [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰes] |
उभिएनछौ [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌu̯] |
उभिएनछ [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌ] |
उभिइनछे [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰe] |
उभिएनछन् [ubʱienʌt͡sʰʌn] |
उभिइनछिन् [ubʱiinʌt͡sʰin] |
उभिनुभएनछ [ubʱinu ͜ bʱʌenʌt͡sʰʌ] | ||||
Future | Definite | + | उभिनेछु [ubʱinet͡sʰu] |
उभिनेछौं [ubʱinet͡sʰʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिनेछस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌs] |
उभिनेछेस् [ubʱinet͡sʰes] |
उभिनेछौ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌu̯] |
उभिनेछ्यौ [ubʱinet͡sʰeu̯] |
उभिनेछ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌ] |
उभिनेछे [ubʱinet͡sʰe] |
उभिनेछन् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌn] |
उभिनेछिन् [ubʱinet͡sʰin] |
उभिनुहुनेछ [ubʱinuɦunet͡sʰʌ] | ||
– | उभिनेछैनँ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃] |
उभिनेछैनौं [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिनेछैनस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌs] |
उभिनेछैनेस् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nes] |
उभिनेछैनौ [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌu̯] |
उभिनेछैन [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] |
उभिनेछैनन् [ubʱinet͡sʰʌi̯nʌn] |
उभिनुहुनेछैन [ubʱinuɦunet͡sʰʌi̯nʌ] | |||||||
Indefinite | + | उभिउँला [ubʱiũlä] |
उभिउँली [ubʱiũli] |
उभिऔंला [ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯lä] |
उभिएलास् [ubʱieläs] |
उभिएलिस् [ubʱielis] |
उभिऔला, उभिएलाउ [ubʱiʌu̯lä, ubʱieläu̯] |
उभिऔली, उभिएलेउ [ubʱiʌu̯li, ubʱieleu̯] |
उभिएला [ubʱielä] |
उभिएली [ubʱieli] |
उभिएलान्, उभिएनन् [ubʱielän, ubʱienʌn] |
उभिएलिन्, उभिएनिन् [ubʱielin, ubʱienin] |
उभिनुहोला [ubʱinuɦolä] | ||
– | उभिओइनँ [ubʱioi̯nʌ̃] |
उभिओइनौं [ubʱioi̯nʌ̃ũ̯] |
उभिओइनस् [ubʱioi̯nʌs] |
उभिओइनौ [ubʱioi̯nʌu̯] |
उभिओइन [ubʱioi̯nʌ] |
उभिओइनन् [ubʱioi̯nʌn] |
उभिनुहोओइन [ubʱinuɦooi̯nʌ] | ||||||||
नउभिउँला [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũlä] |
नउभिउँली [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũli] |
नउभिऔंला [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯lä] |
नउभिएलास् [nʌ ͜ ubʱieläs] |
नउभिएलिस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielis] |
नउभिऔला, नउभिएलाउ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌu̯lä, nʌ ͜ ubʱieläu̯] |
नउभिऔली, नउभिएलेउ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌu̯li, nʌ ͜ ubʱieleu̯] |
नउभिएला [nʌ ͜ ubʱielä] |
नउभिएली [nʌ ͜ ubʱieli] |
नउभिएलान्, नउभिएनन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielän, nʌ ͜ ubʱienʌn] |
नउभिएलिन्, नउभिएनिन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱielin, nʌ ͜ ubʱienin] |
नउभिनुहोला [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦolä] | ||||
Injunctive | + | उभिऊँ [ubʱiũ] |
उभिऔं, उभिऊँ [ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯, ubʱiũ] |
उभि, उभिएस्, उभिए [ubʱi, ubʱies, ubʱie] |
उभिऊ, उभिओ, उभिए [ubʱiu, ubʱio, ubʱie] |
उभिओस् [ubʱios] |
उभिऊन् [ubʱiun] |
उभिनुहोओस् [ubʱinuɦoos] | |||||||
– | नउभिऊँ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiũ] |
नउभिऔं, नउभिऊँ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ̃ũ̯, nʌ ͜ ubʱiũ] |
नउभि, नउभिएस्, नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱi, nʌ ͜ ubʱies, nʌ ͜ ubʱie] |
नउभिऊ, नउभिओ, नउभिए [nʌ ͜ ubʱiu, nʌ ͜ ubʱio, nʌ ͜ ubʱie] |
नउभिओस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱios] |
नउभिऊन् [nʌ ͜ ubʱiun] |
नउभिनुहोओस् [nʌ ͜ ubʱinuɦoos] | ||||||||
Imperative | + | — | — | उभि [ubʱi] |
उभिअ, उभिओ [ubʱiʌ, ubʱio] |
— | — | उभिनुहोस्, उभिनोस् [ubʱinuɦos, ubʱinos] | |||||||
– | — | — | नउभि [nʌ ͜ ubʱi] |
नउभिअ, नउभिओ [nʌ ͜ ubʱiʌ, nʌ ͜ ubʱio] |
— | — | नउभिनुहोस्, नउभिनोस् [nʌubʱinuɦos, nʌubʱinos] |
Further reading
[edit]- “उभिनु”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary][1], Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018, page १४६, column 2
- Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “उभिनु”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar, page 62
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1931) “उभिनु”, in A comparative and etymological dictionary of the Nepali language, London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, page 53
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ūrdhvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 115