म
Appearance
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Translingual
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]म (ma)
- a letter of the Devanagari alphabet
See also
[edit]Ligatures:
- Devanagari script consonants: क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, ॸ, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, ॹ, झ़, ड़, ढ़, ष़, य़, ॺ, ऴ, ॻ, ॼ, ॾ, ॿ [edit]
Apabhramsa
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Prakrit मा (mā), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Sanskrit मा (mā́).
Particle
[edit]म (ma) (attested in Gurjara)[1]
- prohibitive particle: don't
- c. 1088 – 1173, Hemachandra, Siddha-Hema-Śabdanuśāśana Chapter 8 4.379.1:[2][3]
- महु कंतहो बे दोसडा
हेल्लि म झंखहि आलु ।- mahu kaṃtaho be dosaḍā
helli ma jhaṃkhahi ālu.
- 1928 translation by Parashuram Lakshman Vaidya
- My lover has [only] two flaws
my friend, do not tell a lie
- My lover has [only] two flaws
- mahu kaṃtaho be dosaḍā
- महु कंतहो बे दोसडा
Descendants
[edit]Descendants
References
[edit]- ^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “म”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 660.
- ^ Kantilal Vyas (1982), Apabhraṁśa of Hemacandra (Prakrit text series)[1], Prakrit Text Society, →LCCN, page 133
- ^ Ratanlal Sanghvi (1963), Siddhahaimaśabdānuśāsana[2], volume 2, →LCCN, page 515
Further reading
[edit]- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 574
Bantawa
[edit]Noun
[edit]म (ma)
Further reading
[edit]- Werner Winter, A Bantawa Dictionary (2003, →ISBN), page 58
Dhivehi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]म • (ma)
- The tenth consonant in Dhivehi, written in Devanagari
Hindi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]म • (ma)
See also
[edit]- Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़ [edit]
Marathi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]म • (ma)
Nepali
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]म • (ma)
Pronoun
[edit]म • (ma)
- I (first person singular pronoun)
Declension
[edit]Declension of Nepali pronouns
* Yellow background indicates irregularity.
| Declension of the first-person pronouns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | म mʌ |
हामी ɦämi |
हामीहरू ɦämiɦʌɾu |
| Instrumental | मैले mʌi̯le |
हामीले ɦämile |
हामीहरूले ɦämiɦʌɾule |
| Accusative | मलाई mʌläi |
हामीलाई ɦämiläi |
हामीहरूलाई ɦämiɦʌɾuläi |
| Genitive | मेरो meɾo |
हाम्रो ɦämro |
हामीहरूको ɦämiɦʌɾuko |
| Locative | ममा mʌmä |
हामीमा ɦämimä |
हामीहरूमा ɦämiɦʌɾumä |
| Declension of the second-person pronouns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | ||||
| Low | Mid | High | Low/Mid | High | |
| Nominative | तँ t̪ʌ̃ |
तिमी t̪imi |
तपाईं t̪ʌpäĩ |
तिमीहरू t̪imiɦʌɾu |
तपाईंहरू t̪ʌpäĩ̤ːɾu |
| Instrumental | तैँले t̪ʌ̃ĩ̯le |
तिमीले t̪imile |
तपाईंले t̪ʌpäĩle |
तिमीहरूले t̪imiɦʌɾule |
तपाईंहरूले t̪ʌpäĩ̤ːɾule |
| Accusative | तँलाई t̪ʌ̃läi |
तिमीलाई t̪imiläi |
तपाईंलाई t̪ʌpäĩläi |
तिमीहरूलाई t̪imiɦʌɾuläi |
तपाईंहरूलाई t̪ʌpäĩ̤ːɾuläi |
| Genitive | तेरो t̪eɾo |
तिम्रो t̪imro |
तपाईंको t̪ʌpäĩko |
तिमीहरूको t̪imiɦʌɾuko |
तपाईंहरूको t̪ʌpäĩ̤ːɾuko |
| Locative | तँमा t̪ʌ̃mä |
तिमीमा t̪imimä |
तपाईंमा t̪ʌpäĩmä |
तिमीहरूमा t̪imiɦʌɾumä |
तपाईंहरूमा t̪ʌpäĩ̤ːɾumä |
| Declension of the third-person pronouns | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||
| Low/Mid | High | Low/Mid | High | |||||||
| Nominative | यो jo |
त्यो t̪jo |
ऊ u |
यहाँ jä̤ː |
वहाँ wä̤ː |
यिनीहरु iniɦʌɾu |
तिनीहरु t̪iniɦʌɾu |
उनीहरू uniɦʌɾu |
यहाँहरू jä̤ːɾu |
वहाँहरू wä̤ːɾu |
| Instrumental | यसले esle |
त्यसले t̪esle |
उसले usle |
यहाँले jä̤ːle |
वहाँले wä̤ːle |
यिनीहरुले iniɦʌɾule |
तिनीहरुले t̪iniɦʌɾule |
उनीहरूले uniɦʌɾule |
यहाँहरूले jä̤ːɾule |
वहाँहरूले wä̤ːɾule |
| Accusative | यसलाई esläi |
त्यसलाई t̪esläi |
उसलाई usläi |
यहाँलाई jä̤ːläi |
वहाँलाई wä̤ːläi |
यिनीहरुलाई iniɦʌɾuläi |
तिनीहरुलाई t̪iniɦʌɾuläi |
उनीहरूलाई uniɦʌɾuläi |
यहाँहरूलाई jä̤ːɾuläi |
वहाँहरूलाई wä̤ːɾuläi |
| Genitive | यसको esko |
त्यसको t̪esko |
उसको usko |
यहाँको jä̤ːko |
वहाँको wä̤ːko |
यिनीहरुको iniɦʌɾuko |
तिनीहरुको t̪iniɦʌɾuko |
उनीहरूको uniɦʌɾuko |
यहाँहरूको jä̤ːɾuko |
वहाँहरूको wä̤ːɾuko |
| Locative | यसमा esmä |
त्यसमा t̪esmä |
उसमा usmä |
यहाँमा jä̤ːmä |
वहाँमा wä̤ːmä |
यिनीहरुमा iniɦʌɾumä |
तिनीहरुमा t̪iniɦʌɾumä |
उनीहरूमा uniɦʌɾumä |
यहाँहरूमा jä̤ːɾumä |
वहाँहरूमा wä̤ːɾumä |
| Declension of the interrogative pronouns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||
| Nominative | को ko |
जो d͡zo |
के ke |
को को ko ko |
जो जो d͡zo d͡zo |
के के ke ke |
| Instrumental | कसले kʌsle |
जसले d͡zʌsle |
केले kele |
कसकसले kʌskʌsle |
जसजसले d͡zʌsd͡zʌsle |
— |
| Accusative | कसलाई kʌsläi |
जसलाई d͡zʌsläi |
केलाई keläi |
कसकसलाई kʌskʌsläi |
जसजसलाई d͡zʌsd͡zʌsläi |
— |
| Genitive | कसको kʌsko |
जसको d͡zʌsko |
केको keko |
कसकसको kʌskʌsko |
जसजसको d͡zʌsd͡zʌsko |
— |
| Locative | कसमा kʌsmä |
जसमा d͡zʌsmä |
केमा kemä |
कसकसमा kʌskʌsmä |
जसजसमा d͡zʌsd͡zʌsmä |
— |
| Declension of the indefinite pronouns | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Nominative | कोही koɦi |
केही keɦi |
कोही कोही koɦi koɦi |
केही केही keɦi keɦi |
| Instrumental | कसैले kʌsʌi̯le |
— | कसकसैले kʌskʌsʌi̯le |
— |
| Accusative | कसैलाई kʌsʌi̯läi |
— | कसैकसैलाई kʌsʌi̯kʌsʌi̯läi |
— |
| Genitive | कसैको kʌsʌi̯ko |
— | कसैकसैको kʌsʌi̯kʌsʌi̯ko |
— |
| Locative | कसैमा kʌsʌi̯mä |
— | कसैकसैमा kʌsʌi̯kʌsʌi̯mä |
— |
Old Gujarati
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Gurjara Apabhramsa म (ma), from Prakrit मा (mā), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀫𑀸 (mā), from Sanskrit मा (mā́).[1]
Adverb
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]More information
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “mā́”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 574
- ^ जयंत कोठारी [Jayant Kothari] (1995), “म”, in मध्यकालीन गुजराती शब्दकोश [Mediaeval Gujarati Dictionary], लालभाई दलपतभाईनो वंडो, पानकोरनाका, अहमदावाद ३८० ००१ [Lalbhai Dalpatbhai Road, Pankornaka, Ahmedabad 380 001]: कलिकालसर्वज्ञ श्री हेमचन्द्राचार्य नवम जन्मशताब्दी स्मृति संस्कार शिक्षण निधि [Kalikāla-Sarvajña Śrī Hemacandrācārya Navama Janma-Śatābdī Smṛti Saṃskāra Śikṣaṇa Nidhi], page 373, column 2.
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ম (Assamese script)
- ᬫ (Balinese script)
- ম (Bengali script)
- 𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- မ (Burmese script)
- મ (Gujarati script)
- ਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಮ (Kannada script)
- ម (Khmer script)
- ມ (Lao script)
- മ (Malayalam script)
- ᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐩 (Newa script)
- ମ (Odia script)
- ꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖦 (Siddham script)
- ම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚢 (Takri script)
- ம (Tamil script)
- మ (Telugu script)
- ม (Thai script)
- མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Letter
[edit]म • (ma)
Derived terms
[edit]- मकार (makāra, “the name or sound of the letter म (ma)”)
See also
[edit]- Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ॠ, ऌ, ॡ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, ऽ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, ळ, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष [edit]
Etymology 2
[edit]| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| stem, lemma form | म (ma) | आव (āva) | अस्म (asma) |
| nominative case | अहम् (aham) | आवाम् (āvām) | वयम् (vayam) |
| enclitic form(s) | मा (mā), मे (me) | नौ (nau) | नः (naḥ) |
Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *aȷ́ʰám, *maHám, from Proto-Indo-European *me. See अहम् (aham) for more.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]म • (ma)
- base of the first person singular pronoun; I
Declension
[edit]| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | अहम् (ahám) |
| accusative | माम् (mā́m) |
| instrumental | मया (máyā) |
| dative | मह्यम् (máhyam) |
| ablative | मत् (mát), मत्तः (mattáḥ) |
| genitive | मम (máma) |
| locative | मयि (máyi), मे¹ (mé¹) |
| enclitic accusative | मा (mā) |
| enclitic dative/genitive | मे (me) |
¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]See अहम् (aham) and मह्यम् (mahyam).
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899), “म”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 771.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ahám”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][3] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 155
- Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025), “mad”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
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- Apabhramsa terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Apabhramsa terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Apabhramsa terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
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- Apabhramsa terms derived from Prakrit
- Apabhramsa terms inherited from Ashokan Prakrit
- Apabhramsa terms derived from Ashokan Prakrit
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- Old Gujarati terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Old Gujarati terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Gujarati terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Gujarati terms inherited from Gurjara Apabhramsa
- Old Gujarati terms derived from Gurjara Apabhramsa
- Old Gujarati terms inherited from Prakrit
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