ऋ
Appearance
See also: र
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Translingual
[edit]
Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]ऋ (ṛ)
- Traditionally classified as a vowel of the Devanagari script. Its matra, used to modify the inherent vowel in a consonant, is written ृ. For example the first consonant क with the matra looks like: कृ. It is only used in words of Sanskrit derivation. Transliterated as IAST: ṛ or ITRANS: RRi or R^i.
Hindi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]ऋ • (ŕ)
See also
[edit]- (matra): ृ (ŕ)
- Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, त्र, ज्ञ, क्ष, क़, ख़, ग़, ज़, झ़, ड़, ढ़, फ़ [edit]
Marathi
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]ऋ • (ru)
Nepali
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]ऋ • (r̥)
See also
[edit]- Devanagari script letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ऌ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः, अँ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह, क्ष, त्र, ज्ञ [edit]
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- ঋ (Assamese script)
- ᬋ (Balinese script)
- ঋ (Bengali script)
- 𑰆 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀋 (Brahmi script)
- ၒ (Burmese script)
- ઋ (Gujarati script)
- ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌋 (Grantha script)
- ꦉ (Javanese script)
- 𑂩𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಋ (Kannada script)
- ឫ (Khmer script)
- ຣິ (Lao script)
- ഋ (Malayalam script)
- ᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘆 (Modi script)
- ᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦦 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐆 (Newa script)
- ଋ (Odia script)
- ꢈ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆉 (Sharada script)
- 𑖆 (Siddham script)
- ඍ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩙 (Soyombo script)
- ரி (Tamil script)
- ఋ (Telugu script)
- ฤ (Thai script)
- རྀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒇 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨫𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]Merged from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“stir, move”) and *h₁er- (“to move, go”); the former is cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmĭ, “to set upon; to arouse”) and Old Armenian յառնեմ (yaṙnem, “to rise, awake”), while the latter is cognate with Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go, come”) and Albanian erdha (“to have come, originated”) (via a derivative *h₁erǵʰ- (“to move”)).
Pronunciation
[edit]Root
[edit]ऋ • (ṛ)
- to go, move
- to rise, tend towards
- to move, shake
- to obtain, gain, acquire, reach, meet with
- to move, excite, raise (as voice, words, etc.)
- to display
- to injure, hurt
- to attack
- to throw, cast, fling; fix or implant in
- to put or place on, fix upon, direct or cast towards (as the eye, etc.); to insert, give, set, or place
- to hand over; give to, give in charge of, consign, deliver
- to give up, sacrifice
- to give back, restore
- to pierce through, perforate, penetrate
Derived terms
[edit]- Primary Verbal Forms
- Secondary Forms
- अर्यते (aryáte, Passive)
- अर्पयति (arpáyati, Causative)
- ईरयति (īráyati, Causative)
- आर्पिपत् (ā́rpipat, Causative Aorist)
- ऐरत् (áirat, Causative Aorist)
- अर्प्यते (arpyate, Passive of Causative)
- ईर्यते (īryate, Passive of Causative)
- अरिरिषति (aririṣati, Desiderative)
- अलर्ति (álarti, Intensive)
- अरार्यते (arāryate, Intensive)
- Non-Finite Forms
- Derived Nominal Forms
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “ऋ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 223, column 2.
- William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 14
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 105-6
- Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 46-47
- Gotō, T. "Altindoiranisch ar/r̥ und urindogermanisch *h₁er, *h₂er, *h₃er" in Denken sie einfach!, page 75ff.
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