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U+090B, ऋ
DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R

[U+090A]
Devanagari
[U+090C]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Pronunciation

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Letter

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(ṛ)

  1. Traditionally classified as a vowel of the Devanagari script. Its matra, used to modify the inherent vowel in a consonant, is written ृ. For example the first consonant क with the matra looks like: कृ. It is only used in words of Sanskrit derivation. Transliterated as IAST: or ITRANS: RRi or R^i.

Hindi

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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(ŕ)

  1. the seventh vowel in Hindi

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Marathi

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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(ŕ)

  1. The seventh vowel in Marathi, pronounced ru.

Nepali

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Pronunciation

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Letter

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()

  1. The seventh vowel in Nepali.

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Sanskrit

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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Merged from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (stir, move) and *h₁er- (to move, go); the former is cognate with Ancient Greek ὄρνῡμῐ (órnūmi, to set upon; to arouse) and Old Armenian յառնեմ (yaṙnem, to rise, awake), while the latter is cognate with Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, to go, come) and Albanian erdha (to have come, originated) (via a derivative *h₁erǵʰ- (to move)).

Pronunciation

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Root

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()

  1. to go, move
  2. to rise, tend towards
  3. to move, shake
  4. to obtain, gain, acquire, reach, meet with
  5. to move, excite, raise (as voice, words, etc.)
  6. to display
  7. to injure, hurt
  8. to attack
  9. to throw, cast, fling; fix or implant in
  10. to put or place on, fix upon, direct or cast towards (as the eye, etc.); to insert, give, set, or place
  11. to hand over; give to, give in charge of, consign, deliver
  12. to give up, sacrifice
  13. to give back, restore
  14. to pierce through, perforate, penetrate

Derived terms

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Primary Verbal Forms
Secondary Forms
Non-Finite Forms
Derived Nominal Forms

References

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  • Monier Williams (1899) “”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 223/2.
  • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 14
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 105-6; 247