में

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See also: , , , and मैं

Hindi

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛𑁂 (majjhe), from Sanskrit मध्ये (mádhye), locative of मध्य (mádhya, middle), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰyas, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos.

The spontaneous nasalization is a common phenomenon in New Indo-Aryan. Compare Hindi साँप (sā̃p, snake) from Sanskrit सर्प (sarpa).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /mẽː/
  • Audio:(file)

Postposition

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में (mẽ) (Urdu spelling میں)

  1. in, inside of
    Synonym: के अंदर (ke andar)
    घर मेंghar mẽinside the house
    कमरे मेंkamre mẽin the room
  2. within
    Synonym: के अंदर (ke andar)
    मेरे सिर में दर्द हो रहा है
    mere sir mẽ dard ho rahā hai.
    My head is hurting.
    (literally, “There is pain within my head.”)
  3. into
    वह पानी में गिर पड़ाvah pānī mẽ gir paṛā.He fell into the water.
    गिलास मेंgilās mẽinto the glass
  4. during
    Synonym: के दौरान (ke daurān)
    छूट्टियों में मैं लंदन जा रहा हूँ।
    chūṭṭiyõ mẽ ma͠i landan jā rahā hū̃.
    I'm going to London during the holidays.
    रात मेंrāt mẽin the night
    वर्ष १९९४ मेंvarṣ 1994 mẽduring the year 1994
  5. for the price of
    सौ रुपये मेंsau rupye mẽfor the price of 100 rupees
  6. between, among
    सारे लोग में केक बाँट दिया
    sāre log mẽ kek bā̃ṭ diyā.
    The cake was divided among all the people.
    इन तीन क़मीज़ोंमें कौनसी अच्छी है?
    in tīn qamīzõmẽ kaunsī acchī hai?
    Between these three shirts which one is best?

Derived terms

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  • में से (mẽ se, through; out of, literally from inside of)

References

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  1. ^ Reinöhl, Uta (2016) “The diverse origins of the Hindi simple postpositions”, in Grammaticalization and the Rise of Configurationality in Indo-Aryan, →ISBN

Further reading

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