मध्य

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मध्य (mádhya), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“between, in the middle, middle”). Cognate with Latin medius (“middle, medium”), English mid, middle.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /məd̪ʱ.jᵊ/, [mɐd̪ʱ.jᵊ]
• Rhymes: -əd̪ʱ.jᵊ

Adjective

मध्य • (madhya) (indeclinable)

1. middle (normally of time)
2. central, in the middle of

Noun

मध्य • (madhya) m

1. center/centre, middle

   Synonym: बीच (bīc)

2. (Indian classical music) Synonym of मध्यम (madhyam)
3. (Indian classical music) a medium tempo, played quicker than विलंबित (vilambit) and slower than द्रुत (drut)
4. (Indian classical music) the middle-pitch सप्तक (saptak), higher than मंद्र (mandra) and lower than तार (tār)

Declension

Declension of मध्य (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मध्य madhya	मध्य madhya
oblique	मध्य madhya	मध्यों madhyõ
vocative	मध्य madhya	मध्यो madhyo

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मध्य (mádhya). Doublet of मध्ये (madhye) and माज (māj).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /məd̪ʱ.jə/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

मध्य • (madhya) m

1. centre, middle
2. waist

References

• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “मध्य”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• মধ্য (Assamese script)
• ᬫᬥ᭄ᬬ (Balinese script)
• মধ্য (Bengali script)
• 𑰦𑰠𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀫𑀥𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
• မဓျ (Burmese script)
• મધ્ય (Gujarati script)
• ਮਧ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌮𑌧𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
• ꦩꦣꦾ (Javanese script)
• 𑂧𑂡𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
• ಮಧ್ಯ (Kannada script)
• មធ្យ (Khmer script)
• ມຘ຺ຍ (Lao script)
• മധ്യ (Malayalam script)
• ᠮᠠᢡᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘦𑘠𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
• ᠮᠠᢑᠾᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧆𑧀𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐩𑐢𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
• ମଧ୍ଯ (Odia script)
• ꢪꢤ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆩𑆣𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
• 𑖦𑖠𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
• මධ්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩴𑩮 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚢𑚜𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
• மத்⁴ய (Tamil script)
• మధ్య (Telugu script)
• มธฺย (Thai script)
• མ་དྷྱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒧𑒡𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨢𑨜𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰyas (“middle”), from Proto-Indo-European *médʰyos (“middle”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬀 (maⁱδiia), Latin medius (“middle, medium”), Ancient Greek μέσος (mésos), English mid, middle.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɐ́dʱ.jɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmɐd̪ʱ.jɐ/

Adjective

मध्य • (mádhya) stem

1. middle
2. central

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मध्य (madhya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मध्यः madhyaḥ	मध्यौ / मध्या¹ madhyau / madhyā¹	मध्याः / मध्यासः¹ madhyāḥ / madhyāsaḥ¹
Vocative	मध्य madhya	मध्यौ / मध्या¹ madhyau / madhyā¹	मध्याः / मध्यासः¹ madhyāḥ / madhyāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मध्यम् madhyam	मध्यौ / मध्या¹ madhyau / madhyā¹	मध्यान् madhyān
Instrumental	मध्येन madhyena	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्यैः / मध्येभिः¹ madhyaiḥ / madhyebhiḥ¹
Dative	मध्याय madhyāya	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्येभ्यः madhyebhyaḥ
Ablative	मध्यात् madhyāt	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्येभ्यः madhyebhyaḥ
Genitive	मध्यस्य madhyasya	मध्ययोः madhyayoḥ	मध्यानाम् madhyānām
Locative	मध्ये madhye	मध्ययोः madhyayoḥ	मध्येषु madhyeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of मध्या (madhyā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मध्या madhyā	मध्ये madhye	मध्याः madhyāḥ
Vocative	मध्ये madhye	मध्ये madhye	मध्याः madhyāḥ
Accusative	मध्याम् madhyām	मध्ये madhye	मध्याः madhyāḥ
Instrumental	मध्यया / मध्या¹ madhyayā / madhyā¹	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्याभिः madhyābhiḥ
Dative	मध्यायै madhyāyai	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्याभ्यः madhyābhyaḥ
Ablative	मध्यायाः / मध्यायै² madhyāyāḥ / madhyāyai²	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्याभ्यः madhyābhyaḥ
Genitive	मध्यायाः / मध्यायै² madhyāyāḥ / madhyāyai²	मध्ययोः madhyayoḥ	मध्यानाम् madhyānām
Locative	मध्यायाम् madhyāyām	मध्ययोः madhyayoḥ	मध्यासु madhyāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of मध्य (madhya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मध्यम् madhyam	मध्ये madhye	मध्यानि / मध्या¹ madhyāni / madhyā¹
Vocative	मध्य madhya	मध्ये madhye	मध्यानि / मध्या¹ madhyāni / madhyā¹
Accusative	मध्यम् madhyam	मध्ये madhye	मध्यानि / मध्या¹ madhyāni / madhyā¹
Instrumental	मध्येन madhyena	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्यैः / मध्येभिः¹ madhyaiḥ / madhyebhiḥ¹
Dative	मध्याय madhyāya	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्येभ्यः madhyebhyaḥ
Ablative	मध्यात् madhyāt	मध्याभ्याम् madhyābhyām	मध्येभ्यः madhyebhyaḥ
Genitive	मध्यस्य madhyasya	मध्ययोः madhyayoḥ	मध्यानाम् madhyānām
Locative	मध्ये madhye	मध्ययोः madhyayoḥ	मध्येषु madhyeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

मध्य • (mádhya) stem, m

1. centre, middle

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मध्य (mádhya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मध्यः mádhyaḥ	मध्यौ / मध्या¹ mádhyau / mádhyā¹	मध्याः / मध्यासः¹ mádhyāḥ / mádhyāsaḥ¹
Vocative	मध्य mádhya	मध्यौ / मध्या¹ mádhyau / mádhyā¹	मध्याः / मध्यासः¹ mádhyāḥ / mádhyāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मध्यम् mádhyam	मध्यौ / मध्या¹ mádhyau / mádhyā¹	मध्यान् mádhyān
Instrumental	मध्येन mádhyena	मध्याभ्याम् mádhyābhyām	मध्यैः / मध्येभिः¹ mádhyaiḥ / mádhyebhiḥ¹
Dative	मध्याय mádhyāya	मध्याभ्याम् mádhyābhyām	मध्येभ्यः mádhyebhyaḥ
Ablative	मध्यात् mádhyāt	मध्याभ्याम् mádhyābhyām	मध्येभ्यः mádhyebhyaḥ
Genitive	मध्यस्य mádhyasya	मध्ययोः mádhyayoḥ	मध्यानाम् mádhyānām
Locative	मध्ये mádhye	मध्ययोः mádhyayoḥ	मध्येषु mádhyeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: مَنٛز (manz)
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀛 (majha)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 (majjha)
  • Assamese: মাজ (maz)
  • Bengali: মাঝ (majh), মেজ (mej), মেঝে (mejhe)
  • Magahi: माझ
  • Sylheti: ꠝꠣꠏ (mazó)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 (majjha)
  • Marathi: माज (māj), माजी (mājī) (poetic)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: mañjh (“middle”) (noun)

    Gurmukhi script: ਮੰਝ

    Shahmukhi script: منجھ

  • Punjabi: ਮੰਝਲਾ (mañjhlā), ਮਝਲਾ (majhlā, “middle, intermediate”) (adjective)
    • ਮੰਝੋਲਾ (mañjholā), ਮਝੋਲਾ (majholā) (alternative forms)
  • Punjabi: ਮਾਝ (mājh, “in the midst of”), (postposition)
  • Punjabi: ਮੰਝਾਰ (mañjhār, “in, within”) (archaic)
  • Punjabi: ਮਾਝਾ (mājjhā, “Majha, central Punjab”)
    • Punjabi: ਮਝੈਲ (majhail, “native of Majha”)
• Pali: majjha
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀚𑁆𑀛 (majjha)
  • Old Gujarati: मांहि (māṃhi)
    • Gujarati: માં (mā̃)
  • Old Hindi:
    • Braj: माहिं (māhĩ, “in”)
    • Hindi: माँझ (māñjh) (obsolete), में (mẽ, “in”)
      • Urdu: میں (mẽ, “in”)
  • Pahari:
    • Nepali: मा (mā)
• → Bengali: মধ্য (moddho)
  • ⇒ Bengali: মধ্যে (moddhe)
• → Gujarati: મધ્ય (madhya)
  • ⇒ Gujarati: મધ્યે (madhye)
• → Hindi: मध्य (madhya)
• → Marathi: मध्य (madhya)
  • ⇒ Marathi: मध्ये (madhye), मधे (madhe)
• → Old Javanese: madhya
  • Javanese: ꦩꦢꦾ (madya)
    • → Indonesian: madya (“middle, medium”)
  • → Balinese: ᬫᬥ᭄ᬬ (madia)
• → Punjabi: ਮੱਧ (maddh)
• → Tamil: மதிய (matiya), மதியம் (matiyam), மத்தியம் (mattiyam)
• → Telugu: మధ్య (madhya), మధ్యము (madhyamu)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “मध्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 781/3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 303
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “mádhya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Further reading

• Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “madhya”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.