𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓

Prakrit

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *néh₂s

Proto-Indo-Iranian *náHs

Sanskrit नस् (nas)

Prakrit 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓

Inherited from Sanskrit नस् (nas) + Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-) or Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓𑁆𑀓- (-kka-).

Noun

𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ṇakka) m (Devanagari णक्क)

1. (anatomy) nose

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁄 (ṇakko)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā)
Accusative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (ṇakkaṃ)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (ṇakke) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā)
Instrumental	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (ṇakkeṇa) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇakkeṇaṃ)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇakkehi) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇakkehiṃ)
Dative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (ṇakkāa)	—
Ablative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ṇakkāo) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ṇakkāu) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇakkāhi) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇakkāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇakkassa)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (ṇakkāṇa) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇakkāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇakkammi) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (ṇakke)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇakkesu) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇakkesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ṇakka) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā)

Derived terms

• *𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀓𑀻𑀮 (*ṇakkakīla, “nose-peg”)
• 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑀺𑀭𑀸 (ṇakkasirā, “nostril”)
• *𑀡𑀸𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*ṇākka, “nose-like”)

Descendants

Inherited

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Western Hindi:
    • Braj: नाक (nāk)
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: नाक (nāk), नक (nak)

      Urdu: ناک (nāk), نک (nak)

• Eastern Indo-Aryan:
  • Bengali-Assamese:
    • Assamese: নাক (nak)
    • Bengali: নাক (nak)
    • Kamta: নাক (nak)
    • Rohingya: 𐴕𐴝𐴑 / nak (nak)
    • Sylheti: ꠘꠣꠇ (nax)
  • Bihari:
    • Maithili: नाक / 𑒢𑒰𑒏 (nāk)
  • Odia: ନାକ (nāka)
• Northern Indo-Aryan:
  • Garhwali: नाक (nāk)
  • Nepali: नाक (nāk)
• Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
  • Punjabic:
    • Old Punjabi: ਨਕੁ (naku /⁠nakku⁠/), ਨਾਕੁ (nāku), ਨਾਕੁ (nāku)
      • Punjabi: ਨੱਕ / نَکّ (nakka)
      • Saraiki: نَکّ (nakk)
  • Sindhic:
    • Sindhi: نَڪُ / नकु (naku)
• Southern Indo-Aryan:
  • Konkani: नाक / ನಾಕ್ / nak (nāk)
  • Old Marathi: नाक / 𑘡𑘰𑘎 (nāka)
    • Marathi: नाक (nāk)
• Western Indo-Aryan:
  • Bhil:
    • ⇒ Bhili: નખુડું (nakhuḍũ)
  • Gurjara Apabhramsa:
    • Gujarati: નાક (nāk)
    • Marwari: नाक (nāk)
    • Saurashtra: नाक
  • Romani: nakh
    • Angloromani: nok
      • →? English: nark

Extended with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀟- (-ḍa-)

• Western Indo-Aryan:
  • Old Marathi: नाकाड / 𑘡𑘰𑘎𑘰𑘚 (nākāḍa)

Borrowed

• → Classical Sanskrit: नक्र (nakra) (Sanskritization)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-South Dravidian *nekVḷder.

Sanskrit नक्र (nakra)

Prakrit 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓

Inherited from Sanskrit नक्र (nakra), from Proto-South Dravidian *nekVḷ. Cognate with Pali nakka.

Noun

𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ṇakka) m (Devanagari णक्क)

1. crocodile, alligator

   Synonym: 𑀫𑀬𑀭 (mayara)

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁄 (ṇakko)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā)
Accusative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀁 (ṇakkaṃ)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (ṇakke) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā)
Instrumental	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡 (ṇakkeṇa) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇakkeṇaṃ)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇakkehi) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇakkehiṃ)
Dative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀅 (ṇakkāa)	—
Ablative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀑 (ṇakkāo) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀉 (ṇakkāu) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇakkāhi) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇakkāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇakkassa)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡 (ṇakkāṇa) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇakkāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇakkammi) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂 (ṇakke)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇakkesu) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇakkesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ṇakka) or 𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā)	𑀡𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀸 (ṇakkā)

Derived terms

Extended with Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓- (-ka-)

• Central Indo-Aryan:
  • Hindustani:
    • Hindi: नाका (nākā)
    • Urdu: ناکا (nākā)

Further reading

• Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “णक्क”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ṇakka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press