رقیب
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
See also: رقيب
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Arabic رَقِيب (raqīb, “guardian, keeper”). The semantic shift is already found in medieval poetry: "guardian of the beloved [who prevents the lover from seeing her]" > "rival in love" > "rival, competitor [in general]."
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɾa.ˈqiːβ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɹæ.ʁíːb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɾä.qíb]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | raqīḇ |
Dari reading? | raqīb |
Iranian reading? | rağib |
Tajik reading? | raqib |
Noun
[edit]رقیب • (raqib) (plural رقیبان (raqibân) or رقیبها (raqib-hâ) or رقبا (roqabâ))
- rival, competitor, adversary, antagonist
- c. 1520, Selim I of the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benedek Péri, The Persian Dīvān of Yavuz Sulṭān Selīm, Budapest, Hungary: Research Centre for the Humanities, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, →ISBN, page 98:
- بر رقیبان افکنی هر دم نظر حیف و دریغ
اینچنین ضایع چه میسازی نگاه خویش را- bar raqībān afkanī har dam nazar hayf u dirēğ
īnčunīn zāyi' či mēsāzī nigāh-i xwēš rā - Every moment, you cast looks at [my] rivals [in love]: such a pity, alas!
Why do you waste your glances in such a way?
- bar raqībān afkanī har dam nazar hayf u dirēğ
- (archaic, original sense) guardian, keeper
- Synonym: نگهبان (negahbân)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Vullers, Johann August (1856–1864) “رقیب”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum[1] (in Latin), volume II, Gießen: J. Ricker, page 48