-ък

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ via Old Church Slavonic -ъкъ (-ŭkŭ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-ɤk]

Suffix

-ък • (-ǎk) m

1. Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of the specified property (rare)

   ‎пети (peti, “fifth”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎петък (petǎk, “Friday”)

   ‎четвърти (četvǎrti, “fourth”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎четвъртък (četvǎrtǎk, “Thursday”)

   ‎жълт (žǎlt, “yellow”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎жълтък (žǎltǎk, “egg yolk”)

   ‎бял (bjal, “white”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎белтък (beltǎk, “egg white”)

2. Deverbal from the past participle in -т (-t), denotes resultant nouns of the specified action.

   добивам (dobivam, “to extract, to obtain”) → добит (dobit) → добитък (dobitǎk, “cattle”)

   свивам (svivam, “to bend into an arc or circle”) → свит (svit) → свитък (svitǎk, “a scroll”)

3. Deverbal, denotes an instance of the specified action

   ‎тласкам (tlaskam, “to push, to press”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎тласък (tlasǎk, “a push”)

   ‎пискам (piskam, “to scream”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎писък (pisǎk, “a scream”)

4. From nouns, forms adjectives with pertaining meaning

   ‎жар (žar, “embers”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎жарък (žarǎk, “hot, scorching”)

   ‎тежест (težest, “weight, burden”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎тежък (težǎk, “heavy”)

   ‎горест (gorest, “sorrow, grief”) + ‎-ък (-ǎk) → ‎горък (gorǎk, “sorrowful”)

5. Non-productive adjective suffix which corresponded to doublet forms in Proto-Slavic, e.g.:

   гладък (gladǎk), дързък (dǎrzǎk), крепък (krepǎk), крехък (krehǎk)

Derived terms

Bulgarian terms suffixed with -ък