Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷékʷlos: difference between revisions

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====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* Old Armenian
** քեքլոհ (kʻekʻloh)
* Anatolian:
* Anatolian:
** {{i|perhaps}} {{desc|hit|𒆪𒄢𒆷|𒃻𒆪𒄢𒆷|tr=<sup>NINDA</sup>KU.GUL.LA|t=lard biscuit, doughnut}}
** {{i|perhaps}} {{desc|hit|𒆪𒄢𒆷|𒃻𒆪𒄢𒆷|tr=<sup>NINDA</sup>KU.GUL.LA|t=lard biscuit, doughnut}}

Revision as of 09:13, 19 October 2021

 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Reduplicated derivative of *kʷel- (“to turn”).[1]

Noun

*kʷékʷlos (non-ablauting)

  1. wheel
  2. circle

Comment

This Proto-Indo-European word has been proposed as the source of Sumerian 𒄑𒇀 (ĜIŠGIGIR, “chariot”), Aramaic and Hebrew גַּלְגַּל (galgal, “anything that rolls; wheel”) (but compare גָּלַל (gālal, “to roll”)), and Proto-Kartvelian *grgar.[1] The similarly shaped Chinese 軲轆／轱辘 (*guk luk)[2] is only attested in the last few centuries and may be the result of convergent onomatopoeic derivation. Instead, the undetermined 車 (*kla, “chariot” > “car”) may be a borrowing from a descendant form of this root from the spread of the chariot. See Chariot (China).

Inflection

Thematic
singular collective
nominative *kʷékʷlos *kʷekʷléh₂
genitive *kʷékʷlosyo *kʷekʷlósyo
singular dual plural collective
nominative *kʷékʷlos *kʷékʷloh₁ *kʷékʷloes *kʷekʷléh₂
vocative *kʷékʷle *kʷékʷloh₁ *kʷékʷloes *kʷekʷléh₂
accusative *kʷékʷlom *kʷékʷloh₁ *kʷékʷloms *kʷekʷléh₂
genitive *kʷékʷlosyo *? *kʷékʷloHom *kʷekʷlósyo
ablative *kʷékʷlead *? *kʷékʷlomos *kʷekʷléad
dative *kʷékʷloey *? *kʷékʷlomos *kʷekʷlóey
locative *kʷékʷley, *kʷékʷloy *? *kʷékʷloysu *kʷekʷléy, *kʷekʷlóy
instrumental *kʷékʷloh₁ *? *kʷékʷlōys *kʷekʷlóh₁

Descendants

  • Old Armenian
    • քեքլոհ (kʻekʻloh)
  • Anatolian:
    • (perhaps) Hittite: 𒆪𒄢𒆷 (NINDAKU.GUL.LA, “lard biscuit, doughnut”), 𒃻𒆪𒄢𒆷
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kaklas (< *kʷokʷlos)
    • Latgalian: koklys (“neck”)
    • Latvian: kakls (“neck”)
    • Lithuanian: kãklas (“neck”)
    • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=.
  • Proto-Germanic: *hwehwlą (< *kʷékʷlom) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: [Term?], *kʷókʷlos (< *kʷokʷlos) or *kúklos? (< *kʷukʷlos[3])
    • Lua error in Module:etymology/templates/descendant at line 287: You specified a term in 4= and not one in 3=. You probably meant to use t= to specify a gloss instead. If you intended to specify two terms, put the second term in 3=. (< *kʷukʷlo-)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakrám n (see there for further descendants)
  • Phrygian: κίκλην (kíklēn)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *kuk(ä)le (< *kʷukʷlo-)[3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mallory, James Patrick (1989) In Search of the Indo-Europeans, Thames and Hudson, →ISBN, p. 163
  2. ^ John Farndon, The World's Greatest Idea, →ISBN, p. 95
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kokale”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 214
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