Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fardiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

A ti-stem derived from *faraną (“to go, travel”), representing Pre-Germanic *portís.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸɑr.ðiz/

Noun

*fardiz f

1. journey, voyage

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *fardiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*fardiz	*fardīz
vocative	*fardi	*fardīz
accusative	*fardį	*fardinz
genitive	*fardīz	*fardijǫ̂
dative	*fardī	*fardimaz
instrumental	*fardī	*fardimiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *fardi
  • Old English: ferd, feord, fierd, fyrd
    • Middle English: ferd, verd, færd, værde, varde
      • >? English: ferd
      • >? Scots: ferd, fard, faird
    • → English: fyrd
  • Old Frisian: ferd
  • Old Saxon: fard
    • Middle Low German: vart
      • → Danish: fart
        • → Icelandic: fart
        • → Faroese: fart
      • → Norwegian Bokmål: fart
      • → Swedish: fart
  • Old Dutch: farth, fard
    • Middle Dutch: vart, vāert
      • Dutch: vaart
        • Afrikaans: vaart
      • → West Frisian: feart
      • → Walloon: vårt
  • Old High German: fart, vart
    • Middle High German: fart
      • German: Fahrt (“journey”), Fährte (“trail”)
        • → Saterland Frisian: Foart
        • → Danish: fært
      • Luxembourgish: Faart
• Old Norse: ferð
  • Icelandic: ferð
  • Faroese: ferð
  • Norwegian: ferd
  • Old Swedish: færþ
    • Swedish: färd
  • Old Danish: færth
    • Danish: færd

Further reading

• Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
• “fart”, “færd”, “fært” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog