gurul
Hungarian
Etymology
From the same onomatopoeic (sound-imitative) root as gurít + -ul (reflexive verb-forming suffix).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
gurul
- (intransitive) to roll (to move by turning on an axis)
- A labda messze gurult a faltól. ― The ball rolled far from the wall.
- (intransitive, aviation) to taxi (of an aircraft: to move slowly on the ground)
Conjugation
conjugation of gurul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | gurulok | gurulsz | gurul | gurulunk | gurultok | gurulnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | gurultam | gurultál | gurult | gurultunk | gurultatok | gurultak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. gurulni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | gurulék | gurulál | gurula | gurulánk | gurulátok | gurulának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. gurul vala, gurult vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | gurulandok | gurulandasz | guruland | gurulandunk | gurulandotok | gurulandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | gurulnék | gurulnál | gurulna | gurulnánk | gurulnátok | gurulnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. gurult volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | guruljak | gurulj or guruljál |
guruljon | guruljunk | guruljatok | guruljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. gurult légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | gurulni | gurulnom | gurulnod | gurulnia | gurulnunk | gurulnotok | gurulniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| gurulás | guruló | gurult | ― | gurulva (gurulván) | |||||
potential conjugation of gurul
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | gurulhatok | gurulhatsz | gurulhat | gurulhatunk | gurulhattok | gurulhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | gurulhattam | gurulhattál | gurulhatott | gurulhattunk | gurulhattatok | gurulhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | gurulhaték | gurulhatál | gurulhata | gurulhatánk | gurulhatátok | gurulhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. gurulhat vala, gurulhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | gurulhatandok or gurulandhatok |
gurulhatandasz or gurulandhatsz |
gurulhatand or gurulandhat |
gurulhatandunk or gurulandhatunk |
gurulhatandotok or gurulandhattok |
gurulhatandanak or gurulandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | gurulhatnék | gurulhatnál | gurulhatna | gurulhatnánk | gurulhatnátok | gurulhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. gurulhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | gurulhassak | gurulhass or gurulhassál |
gurulhasson | gurulhassunk | gurulhassatok | gurulhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. gurulhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (gurulhatni) | (gurulhatnom) | (gurulhatnod) | (gurulhatnia) | (gurulhatnunk) | (gurulhatnotok) | (gurulhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (gurulhatva / gurulhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
Expressions
Related terms
References
- ^ gurul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading
- gurul in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN