𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *heruz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɛ.rus/

Noun

𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 • (hairus) m

1. sword (weapon)
   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Matthew (Codex Argenteus) 10.34:

     𐌽𐌹𐌷 𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌵𐌴𐌼𐌾𐌰𐌿 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌰; 𐌽𐌹 𐌵𐌰𐌼 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐌹, 𐌰𐌺 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿.

     nih ahjaiþ þatei qēmjau lagjan gawairþi ana airþa; ni qam lagjan gawairþi, ak hairu.

     Think not that I am come to send peace on earth: I came not to send peace, but a sword. (KJV).

   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of John (Codex Argenteus) 18.11:

     𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌿𐌷 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌳𐌿 𐍀𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌿: 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌴𐌹 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿 𐌹𐌽 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂. 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍆 𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰, 𐌽𐌹𐌿 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰?

     þaruh qaþ iēsus du paitrau: lagei þana hairu in fōdr. stikl þanei gaf mis atta, niu drigkau þana?

     Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it? (KJV).

   • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 14.48:

     𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐍆𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌹𐌴𐍃𐌿𐍃 𐌵𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: 𐍃𐍅𐌴 𐌳𐌿 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌹𐌽 𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐌼 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌼 𐌲𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌺.

     jah andhafjands iēsus qaþ du im: swē du waidēdjin urrunnuþ miþ hairum jah triwam greipan mik.

     And Jesus answered and said unto them, Are ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and with staves to take me? (KJV).

Usage notes

This term translates both μάχαιρα (mákhaira, “shortsword”) and ῥομφαία (rhomphaía, “long and broad sword”). It appears thus to be broader in sense than 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis), which only translates μάχαιρα (mákhaira).

Declension

The form 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿 (hairau), which is identical to the vocative and dative singular, is only attested with an accusative singular meaning.

Masculine/feminine u-stem
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃 hairus	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌾𐌿𐍃 hairjus
Vocative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿 hairau	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌾𐌿𐍃 hairjus
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿 hairu	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐌽𐍃 hairuns
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿𐍃 hairaus	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐍅𐌴 hairiwē
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌿 hairau	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐌼 hairum

Hypernyms

• 𐍅𐌴𐍀𐌽 (wēpn, “weapon”)

Hyponyms

• 𐌼𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (mēkeis, “shortsword”)

Coordinate terms

• 𐌰𐍂𐍈𐌰𐌶𐌽𐌰 (arƕazna, “missile”)

See also

• 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂 (fōdr, “scabbard”)

Further reading

• Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 53