κάρυον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head”). Cognates include English harns, Old Norse hjarni, Latin cerebrum (all three meaning 'brain') and Avestan 𐬯𐬁𐬭𐬀 (sāra), Persian سر (sar) and Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras) (all three meaning 'head').

See as well κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “skull”), κέρας (kéras, “horn”) and κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā, “face”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ká.ry.on/ → /ˈka.ry.on/ → /ˈka.ri.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ká.ry.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈka.ry.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.ry.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈka.ry.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈka.ri.on/

Noun

κᾰ́ρῠον • (káruon) n (genitive κᾰρῠ́ου); second declension

1. nut (hard-shelled seed)

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον; τοῦ κᾰρῠ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον tò káruon	τὼ κᾰρῠ́ω tṑ karúō	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρῠᾰ tà kárua
Genitive	τοῦ κᾰρῠ́ου toû karúou	τοῖν κᾰρῠ́οιν toîn karúoin	τῶν κᾰρῠ́ων tôn karúōn
Dative	τῷ κᾰρῠ́ῳ tôi karúōi	τοῖν κᾰρῠ́οιν toîn karúoin	τοῖς κᾰρῠ́οις toîs karúois
Accusative	τὸ κᾰ́ρῠον tò káruon	τὼ κᾰρῠ́ω tṑ karúō	τᾰ̀ κᾰ́ρῠᾰ tà kárua
Vocative	κᾰ́ρῠον káruon	κᾰρῠ́ω karúō	κᾰ́ρῠᾰ kárua
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• κᾰρῡ́δῐον (karū́dion)
• καρύϊνος (karúïnos)
• Ποντικόν κάρυον (Pontikón káruon)

Descendants

• Greek: καρύδι (karýdi)
• Latin: caryon
• Translingual: Carya

References

• “κάρυον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κάρυον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κάρυον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• κάρυον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • nut idem, page 563.
  • walnut idem, page 961.