Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tьma

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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun

*tьmà f[1]

  1. dark, darkness

Declension

Declension of *tьmà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *tьmà *tь̀mě *tьmỳ
genitive *tьmỳ *tьmù *tь̀mъ
dative *tьmě̀ *tьmàma *tьmàmъ
accusative *tьmǫ̀ *tь̀mě *tьmỳ
instrumental *tьmòjǫ, *tь̀mǫ** *tьmàma *tьmàmī
locative *tьmě̀ *tьmù *tьmàsъ, *tьmàxъ*
vocative *tьmo *tь̀mě *tьmỳ
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: тьма (tĭma)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: tma
      • Moravian Lua error in Module:parameters at line 370: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Mistřice" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: tma
    • Kashubian: cma
    • Polabian: ťåmă
    • Polish: ćma
    • Slovak: tma
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: ćma
      • Lower Sorbian: śma
        • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 370: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Schleifer dialect" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E.: ćma

Further reading

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тьма”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Verweij, Arno (1994) “Quantity Patterns of Substantives in Czech and Slovak”, in Dutch Contributions to the Eleventh International Congress of Slavists, Bratislava (Studies in Slavic and General Linguistics)‎[1], volume 22, Editions Rodopi B.V., page 503

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*tьma”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 504: “f. ā ‘darkness’”
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