тьма

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Old Church Slavonic[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun[edit]

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. darkness
    • 2 Коринт. 4:6-15 from Син. евх.:
      б҃ъ рекъі и҅с тъмъі свѣтоу въсиꙗ҅ти· ꙇ҅же въсиꙗ҅ въ ср҃цихъ вашихъ·
      b:ŭ rekŭi i҅s tŭmŭi světu vŭsija҅ti· i҅že vŭsija҅ vŭ sr:cixŭ vašixŭ·
      For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts.
Declension[edit]
Antonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from an ancestor of Mongolian түм (tüm).

Noun[edit]

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. ten thousand; a myriad
    • from Slavonic Josephus, kniga 4, 432б:
      идѧхоу бо по немъ кромѣ ѡроужникъ, четꙑри тмꙑ.
      idęxu bo po nemŭ kromě oružnikŭ, četyri tmy.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. a large number or multitude (of specified things)

References[edit]

  • Nikolić, Svetozar (1989) Staroslovenski jezik: Pravopis, glasovi, oblici, Beograd

Old East Slavic[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Proto-Slavic *tьma. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma) and Old Polish ćma.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/
  • Hyphenation: ть‧ма

Noun[edit]

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. darkness
Declension[edit]
Antonyms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
  • Old Ruthenian: тьма (tʹma)
  • Russian: тьма (tʹma)

Etymology 2[edit]

Borrowed from a Mongolic language (compare Mongolian түм (tüm)). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/
  • Hyphenation: ть‧ма

Noun[edit]

тьма (tĭmaf

  1. myriad (10.000)
  2. multitude (large amount)
Declension[edit]
Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “тьма”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[1] (in Russian), volumes 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1081

Russian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): [tʲma]
  • (file)

Etymology 1[edit]

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun[edit]

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)

  1. dark, darkness
    Synonyms: темнота́ f (temnotá), те́мень f (témenʹ), потёмки f (potjómki), мгла f (mgla), мрак m (mrak)
    Antonym: свет m (svet)
Declension[edit]
Related terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), borrowed from a Mongolic language.

Noun[edit]

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)

  1. (colloquial) thousands, a multitude, a host, lots of
Declension[edit]

Ukrainian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьми, uncountable)

  1. darkness
    Synonyms: те́мрява (témrjava), те́мінь (téminʹ), темно́та́ (temnótá)
  2. (figuratively) uneducatedness
    Synonym: неосві́ченість (neosvíčenistʹ)
  3. (figuratively) wickedness (something vile and evil)

Declension[edit]

Noun[edit]

тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьми, nominative plural тьми, genitive plural тем)

  1. (historical, countable) ten thousand
  2. (figuratively, colloquial, uncountable) ton (large amount of something)

Declension[edit]

References[edit]