тьма

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Old Church Slavonic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun

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тьма (tĭmaf

  1. darkness
    • 2 Коринт. 4:6-15 from Син. евх.:
      б҃ъ рекъі и҅с тъмъі свѣтоу въсиꙗ҅ти· ꙇ҅же въсиꙗ҅ въ ср҃цихъ вашихъ·
      b:ŭ reky i҅s tŭmy světu vŭsija҅ti· i҅že vŭsija҅ vŭ sr:cixŭ vašixŭ·
      For God, who commanded the light to shine out of darkness, hath shined in our hearts.
Declension
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Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from an ancestor of Mongolian түм (tüm).

Noun

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тьма (tĭmaf

  1. ten thousand; a myriad
    • from Slavonic Josephus, kniga 4, 432б:
      идѧхоу бо по немъ кромѣ ѡроужникъ, четꙑри тмꙑ.
      idęxu bo po nemŭ kromě oružnikŭ, četyri tmy.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. a large number or multitude (of specified things)

References

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  • Nikolić, Svetozar (1989) Staroslovenski jezik: Pravopis, glasovi, oblici, Beograd

Old East Slavic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Slavic *tьma. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma) and Old Polish ćma.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ//tʲɪˈma//ˈtʲma/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/

  • Hyphenation: ть‧ма

Noun

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тьма (tĭmaf

  1. darkness
Declension
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Antonyms
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Descendants
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  • Old Ruthenian: тьма (tʹma)
  • Russian: тьма (tʹma)

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from a Mongolic language (compare Mongolian түм (tüm)). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ//tʲɪˈma//ˈtʲma/
  • (ca. 9th CE) IPA(key): /tɪˈmɑ/
  • (ca. 11th CE) IPA(key): /tʲɪˈma/
  • (ca. 13th CE) IPA(key): /ˈtʲma/

  • Hyphenation: ть‧ма

Noun

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тьма (tĭmaf

  1. myriad (10.000)
  2. multitude (large amount)
Declension
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Descendants
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References

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  • Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “тьма”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎[1] (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 1081

Russian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [tʲma]
  • Audio:(file)

Etymology 1

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Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Noun

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тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)

  1. dark, darkness
    Synonyms: темнота́ f (temnotá), те́мень f (témenʹ), потёмки f (potjómki), мгла f (mgla), мрак m (mrak)
    Antonym: свет m (svet)
    • 1924, Максим Горький [Maxim Gorky], Рассказ о герое; English translation from (Please provide a date or year):
      Мне всегда́ хоте́лось пощу́пать тьму́, я протя́гивал ру́ку в неосвещённые углы́ и, осторо́жно сжима́я па́льцы в кула́к, ощуща́л ко́жею ладо́ни неприя́тный, вла́жный холодо́к.
      Mne vsegdá xotélosʹ poščúpatʹ tʹmú, ja protjágival rúku v neosveščónnyje uglý i, ostoróžno sžimája pálʹcy v kulák, oščuščál kóžeju ladóni neprijátnyj, vlážnyj xolodók.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
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Etymology 2

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Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), borrowed from a Mongolic language.

Noun

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тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьмы, nominative plural тьмы, genitive plural тем)

  1. (colloquial) thousands, a multitude, a host, lots of
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Ukrainian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old East Slavic тьма (tĭma), from Proto-Slavic *tьma, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *timāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *temH-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьми, uncountable)

  1. darkness
    Synonyms: те́мрява (témrjava), те́мінь (téminʹ), темно́та́ (temnótá)
  2. (figuratively) uneducatedness
    Synonym: неосві́ченість (neosvíčenistʹ)
  3. (figuratively) wickedness (something vile and evil)

Declension

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Noun

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тьма (tʹmaf inan (genitive тьми, nominative plural тьми, genitive plural тем)

  1. (historical, countable) ten thousand
  2. (figuratively, colloquial, uncountable) ton (large amount of something)

Declension

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References

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