мрак

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *morkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mrak]
• Rhymes: -ak

Noun

мрак • (mrak) m (relational adjective мра́чен)

1. (uncountable) darkness, dimness (lack of light)

Declension

Declension of мрак

	singular
indefinite	мрак mrak
definite (subject form)	мра́кът mrákǎt
definite (object form)	мра́ка mráka

Derived terms

verbs

• (causative-iterative) мрача́ (mračá)
• (causative-iterative) мрача́сам (mračásam)
• помрача́вам (pomračávam)
• смрача́вам се (smračávam se)

 

nouns

• (abstract noun) мракота́ (mrakotá)
• полумра́к (polumrák)
• примра́к (primrák)
• сумра́к (sumrák)

 

• мрако- (mrako-)
  • мракобе́с (mrakobés)
  • мракобе́сие (mrakobésie, “obscurantism”)
  • мраконо́сец (mrakonósec, “dark-bringer”)

Related terms

• мърча́ impf (mǎrčá), мръ́квам impf (mrǎ́kvam), мръ́кна pf (mrǎ́kna, “to darken, to sunset”)
• мръ́чкам (mrǎ́čkam, “to grime, to sully”)
• мръ́щя се (mrǎ́štja se, “to frown”)

References

• “мрак”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “мрак”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1899) “мракъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 85
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мрак”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 278
• “мракъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *morkъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mrak]

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

мрак • (mrak) m (relational adjective мрачен)

1. darkness

Declension

Declension of мрак

	singular
indefinite	мрак
definite unspecified	мракот
definite proximal	мраков
definite distal	мракон
vocative	мраку

Russian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic мракъ (mrakŭ), from Proto-Slavic *morkъ. Doublet of мо́рок (mórok), the inherited East Slavic form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mrak]

• audio

  (file)

Noun

мрак • (mrak) m inan (genitive мра́ка, nominative plural мра́ки, genitive plural мра́ков)

1. shadow, darkness

   Synonyms: тьма f (tʹma), те́мень f (témenʹ), потёмки f (potjómki), мгла f (mgla), темнота́ f (temnotá)

2. (genitive) gloom (of), cheerlessness (of)
3. (predicate; interjection) it's a nightmare, it's appalling/dreadful
4. (poetic) despair

Declension

Declension of мрак (inan masc-form velar-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	мра́к mrák	мра́ки mráki
genitive	мра́ка mráka	мра́ков mrákov
dative	мра́ку mráku	мра́кам mrákam
accusative	мра́к mrák	мра́ки mráki
instrumental	мра́ком mrákom	мра́ками mrákami
prepositional	мра́ке mráke	мра́ках mrákax

Derived terms

• мракобе́с (mrakobés)
  • мракобе́сие (mrakobésije)
• мрачи́ть (mračítʹ), помрачи́ть (pomračítʹ)
  • помраче́ние (pomračénije)
• мра́чный (mráčnyj)
  • мрачне́ть (mračnétʹ), помрачне́ть (pomračnétʹ)

Related terms

• омрача́ть (omračátʹ), омрачи́ть (omračítʹ)
• омрачаться (omračatʹsja), омрачиться (omračitʹsja)
• су́мрак (súmrak)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “мрак”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *morkъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *markas, from Proto-Indo-European *mergʷ- (“to flicker; to darken; to be dark”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mrâːk/

Noun

мра̑к m (Latin spelling mrȃk)

1. dark, darkness
2. dusk

   Они раде од јутра до мрака. ― They work from dawn to dusk.

3. (slang) the bomb, the shit (something of excellent quality)

Declension

Declension of мрак

	singular	plural
nominative	мра̑к	мра̏кови
genitive	мрака	мракова
dative	мраку	мраковима
accusative	мрак	мракове
vocative	мраче	мракови
locative	мраку	мраковима
instrumental	мраком	мраковима

Related terms

• мрачан

Further reading

• “мрак” in Hrvatski jezični portal