Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kï̄ŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Akin to *kï̄rkïn (“maiden, slave girl”), *kïrnak (“slave girl”); compared to Proto-Tungusic *girkī (“mate, wife”).

Noun

*kï̄ŕ

1. girl
2. woman

Declension

Declension of *kï̄ŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kï̄ŕ
Accusative	*kï̄ŕïg, *kï̄ŕnï1)
Genitive	*kï̄ŕnïŋ
Dative	*kï̄ŕka
Locative	*kï̄ŕta
Ablative	*kï̄ŕtan
Allative	*kï̄ŕgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kï̄ŕïn
Equative 2)	*kï̄ŕča
Similative 2)	*kï̄ŕlayu
Comitative 2)	*kï̄ŕlïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Volga Bulgar: هیر
    • Chuvash: хӗр (hĕr)

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj:
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: qız
    • Ottoman Turkish: قیز (qïz)
      • Turkish: kız
      • Kurdish:

        → Northern Kurdish: qîz

      • Gagauz: kız
      • → Swedish: guss
  • Salar: qız
  • Turkmen: gȳz
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قٖيزْ (qï̄z)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (qïz)
      • Uyghur: قىز (qiz)
      • Uzbek: qiz
• Kipchak: [script needed] (qïz)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qız
    • Karachay-Balkar: къыз (qız)
    • Karaim: kyz
    • Kumyk: къыз (qız)
    • Urum: хыз
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡыҙ (qıź)
    • Tatar: кыз (qız)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Caspian:
      • Karakalpak: qız
      • Kazakh: қыз (qyz)
      • Nogai: кыз (kız)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кыз (kız)
      • Southern Altai: кыс (kïs)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰶𐰃𐰕 (qïz)
  • Old Uyghur: qyz (qïz)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: кыыс
    • Yakut: кыыс (kııs)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: кыс (kıs)
      • Tofa: кыс
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: хыс (xıs)
      • Shor: қыс
      • Western Yugur: qïs

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kı:z”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 679
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kırkın”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 654
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kırna:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 661
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kɨ̄ŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill